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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2020 Oct 29;16(2):238–250. doi: 10.1007/s11481-020-09964-1

Table 2.

In vitro and ex vivo studies for Nef-EVs effects in the CNS

Model Nef-EVs Donor Cells Nef-EVs Recipient cells Observed effects of Nef-EVs Reference
In vitro cell culture Nef expressing primary human fetal astrocytes Primary human fetal neurons Oxidative stress and neuronal electrophysiological impairment (Sami Saribas, Cicalese et al. 2018)
Nef expressing microglia (CHME5) In vitro Blood-Brain- Barrier model Reduced the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1 (Raymond, Diaz et al. 2016)
Nef expressing HEK 293T cells In vitro Blood-Brain- Barrier model Reduced transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and increased permeability of the BBB (Raymond, Diaz et al. 2016)
Nef expressing HEK 293T cells Microglia (CHME5) Induces microglial cytokine/ chemokine secretion (Raymond, Diaz et al. 2016)
Ex vivo Plasma derived Nef-EVs from patients with HAD Neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) Enhanced APP expression and Increased expression and secretion of Aβ and Aβ peptides (Khan, Lang et al. 2016)