Table 5.

Application of sEVs cargo in diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of GC

Application	Type	Biofluids	Contents	Ref.
Diagnosis of GC	miRNA	Plasma	miR-185, miR-20a, miR-210, miR-25, miR-92b	[141]
	Protein	Serum	GKN1	[55]
	Protein	Serum	MT1-MMP	[142]
	miRNA	Serum	miR10b-5p, miR195-5p, miR20a-3p, miR296-5p	[143]
	lncRNA	Plasma	CEBPA-AS1	[144]
	lncRNA	Serum	HOTTIP	[145]
	lncRNA	Serum	GNAQ-6	[146]
	miRNA	Serum	miR-200a-3p, miR-296-5p, miR-132-3p, miR-485-3p, miR-22-5p	[147]
	miRNA	Plasma	miR-217	[148]
	miRNA	Serum	miR-92a-3p	[149]
	miRNA	Serum	miR-590-5p	[150]
	lncRNA	Serum	pcsk2–2:1	[151]
	miRNA	Serum	miR-19b-3p, miR-106a-5p	[152]
	lncRNA	Plasma	LINC00152	[153]
	lncRNA	Serum	ZFAS1	[65]
Diagnosis of early GC	Protein	gastric juice	BARHL2	[154]
	lncRNA	Serum	GC1	[155]
	miRNA	Serum	miR-92b-3p, let-7 g-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR-9-5p	[156]
	miRNA	Serum	miR-1246	[157]
	circRNA	Plasma	circ-0065149	[158]
Diagnosis of early GC and premalignant chronic atrophic gastritis	lncRNA	Plasma	UEGC1	[159]
Distinguish GC patients with various kinds of metastasis	miRNA	Plasma	miR-10b-5p, miR-101-3p, miR-143-5p	[160]
Diagnosis of malignant GC-associated ascites	miRNA	Ascites	miR-181b-5p	[161]
Predict the recurrence risk and prognosis of patients with GC in each stage.	miRNA	Plasma	miR-23b	[162]
Predict the prognosis of patients with GC	miRNA	Serum	miR-423-5p	[61]
	miRNA	Serum	miR-451	[119]
	lncRNA	Serum	HOTTIP	[145]
	circRNA	Plasma	circ-KIAA1244	[163]
	circRNA	Plasma	circ-0065149	[158]
	circRNA	Plasma	circ-SLC2A12–10:1	[164]
	lncRNA	Serum	MIAT	[165]
Predict the prognosis of GC and risk of lymphatic metastasis	lncRNA	Serum	ZFAS1	[65]
	Protein	Serum	MT1-MMP	[142]
Correlate with tumour stage, lymphatic and distal metastasis, venous and perineural invasion.	circRNA	Serum	circ-0000419	[166]
Predict postoperative haematogenous metastasis of stage II/III GC	miRNA	Serum	miR-379-5p, miR-410-3p	[167]
Predict the peritoneal metastases	miRNA	Ascites	miR-21-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-342-3p	[168]