Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia between FC and NF groups.
| Characteristics |
Total (n = 178) |
FC group (n = 108) | NF group (n = 70) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 45.8 ± 15.3 | 47.3 ± 16.3 | 43.6 ± 13.4 | 0.105 |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 89 (50.0) | 48 (44.4) | 41 (58.6) | 0.066 |
| Female | 89 (50.0) | 60 (55.6) | 29 (41.4) | |
| Exposure history within 14 days, n (%) | ||||
| Recently stayed in epidemic area | 136 (76.4) | 80 (74.1) | 56 (80.0) | 0.363 |
| Exposure to infected patients | 42 (23.6) | 28 (25.9) | 14 (20.0) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | 50 (28.1) | 33 (30.6) | 17 (24.3) | 0.363 |
| Hypertension | 28 (15.7) | 21 (19.4) | 7 (10.0) | 0.091 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 15 (8.4) | 10 (9.3) | 5 (7.1) | 0.620 |
| Coronary heart disease | 5 (2.8) | 4 (3.7) | 1 (1.4) | 0.650 |
| Hepatitis | 8 (4.5) | 3 (2.8) | 5 (7.1) | 0.266 |
| COPD | 4 (2.2) | 2 (1.9) | 2 (2.9) | 0.647 |
| Cancer | 4 (2.2) | 3 (2.8) | 1 (1.4) | 1.000 |
| Signs and symptoms on admission, n (%) | ||||
| Fever | 128 (71.9) | 82 (75.9) | 46 (65.7) | 0.139 |
| 37.3–38°C | 81 (63.3) | 51 (62.2) | 30 (65.2) | 1.000 |
| 38.1–39°C | 40 (31.3) | 26 (31.7) | 14 (30.4) | |
| >39°C | 7 (5.45) | 5 (6.1) | 2 (4.3) | |
| Cough | 87 (48.9) | 57 (52.8) | 30 (42.9) | 0.196 |
| Sputum | 21 (11.8) | 13 (12.0) | 8 (11.4) | 0.902 |
| Nasal congestion | 7 (4.0) | 2 (1.9) | 5 (7.2) | 0.114 |
| Headache | 12 (6.7) | 8 (7.4) | 4 (5.7) | 0.767 |
| Sorethroat | 32 (18.0) | 19 (17.6) | 13 (18.6) | 0.868 |
| Fatigue | 16 (9.0) | 8 (7.4) | 8 (11.4) | 0.360 |
| Myalgia | 13 (7.3) | 9 (8.3) | 4 (5.7) | 0.512 |
| Chest pain | 8 (4.5) | 6 (5.6) | 2 (2.9) | 0.483 |
| Diarrhea | 11 (6.2) | 7 (6.5) | 4 (5.7) | 1.000 |
| Chills | 10 (5.6) | 7 (6.5) | 3 (4.3) | 0.742 |
| Disease severity, n (%) | ||||
| Mild/moderate | 141 (79.2) | 80 (74.1) | 61 (87.1) | 0.036* |
| Severe/critical | 37 (20.8) | 28 (25.9) | 9 (12.9) | |
| ICU admission, n (%) | 17 (9.6) | 12 (11.1) | 5 (7.1) | 0.379 |
| Clinical outcomes, n (%) | ||||
| Discharge from hospital | 175 (97.6) | 105 (97.2) | 70 (100.0) | 0.280 |
| Death | 3 (1.7) | 3 (2.8) | 0 (0) | |
| Length (days), mean ± SD and median (IQR) # | ||||
| Exposure to infection sources | 11.6 ± 6.8 | 13.1 ± 7.1 | 8.9 ± 5.3 | <0.001* |
| 14.0 (6.0–14.0) | 14.0 (7.0–16.0) | 8.5 (3.3–14.0) | ||
| From symptom onset to hospital admission | 4.6 ± 5.1 | 4.8 ± 5.1 | 4.5 ± 5.1 | 0.714 |
| 3.0 (2.0–6.0) | 3.0 (1.3–6.8) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | ||
| Duration of viral shedding | 19.3 ± 10.3 | 21.5 ± 10.9 | 15.9 ± 8.3 | <0.001* |
| 17.0 (13.0–24.0) | 18.0 (15.0–26.3) | 14.0 (9.8–22.0) | ||
| Hospital stay | 32.4 ± 17.7 | 39.2 ± 17.7 | 22.2 ±11.9 | <0.001* |
| 28.0 (19.0–43.0) | 34.0 (25.5–56.5) | 19.5 (14.0–30.0) | ||
| ICU stay | 23.4 ± 43.6 | 26.5 ± 52.2 | 16.0 ± 6.3 | 0.666 |
| 11.0 (7.5–19.0) | 10.0 (6.3–14.8) | 18.0 (9.5–21.5) | ||
FC, familial cluster; NF, non- familial; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.
The disease severity was based on the most serious degree of COVID-19 during hospitalization.
Sample size of events.
Duration of exposure to infection sources was calculated in 168 patients (10 cases from the NF group were unavailable. FC group = 108, NF group = 60).
Duration of viral shedding was calculated in 176 patients (two deaths without virus clearance were excluded. FC group =106, NF group = 70).
Length of hospital stay was calculated in 175 discharged patients (three deaths were excluded. FC group =105, NF group = 70).
Length of ICU stay and interval time from admission to ICU admission were calculated in 17 patients (FC group =12, NF group = 5).
p < 0.05, comparison between FC and NF groups.