TABLE 5.
Autophagy protein genetic interventions and obesity models.
| References | Animal | Fat (% energy from fat), duration (weeks). Other information about diet | Genetic intervention | Autophagic target | Autophagy modulation (up/down) | Steatosis outcome (up/down) | Correlation (+/0/−) |
| Yang et al., 2010 | ob/obmice | regular chow diet | adenoviral-Atg7 overexpression | ATG7 | Up | Down | − |
| Kim et al., 2013 | C57BL/6J | 60%, 13 | Atg7 f/f; Alb-Cre mice (Atg7-Li KO) | ATG7 | Down | Down | + |
| Byun et al., 2020 | C57BL/6 + Ad-Jmjd3 | 60%, 8 | adenoviral-Atg7 shRNA | ATG7 | Down | Up | − |
| Fernández et al., 2017 | C57Bl6/129 Sv | 42%, 8 | Atg4b-null mice | ATG4B | Down | Up | − |
| Fernández et al., 2017 | C57Bl6/129 Sv | 30% sucrose | Atg4b-null mice | ATG4B | Down | Up | − |
| Xiong et al., 2012 | C57BL/6J | 60%, 12 | adenoviral-Atg14 overexpression | ATG14 | Up | Down | − |
| Settembre et al., 2013 | C57BL/6 | 42%, 12 | TcfebloxP/loxP; Alb-Cre mice (Tfeb-Li KO) | TFEB | Down | Up | − |
| Settembre et al., 2013 | C57BL/6 | 42%, 12 | adenoviral-TFEB overexpression | TFEB | Up | Down | − |
| Zhang et al., 2018 | C57BL/6J | 60%, 16 | adenoviral-TFEB overexpression | TFEB | Up | Down | − |
| Ma et al., 2013 | C57BL/6J | 60%, 5, fed | Fip200 f/f; Alb-Cre mice (Fip200-Li KO) | FIP200 | Down | Unchanged | 0 |
| Ma et al., 2013 | C57BL/6J | 60%, 5, fasted | Fip200 f/f; Alb-Cre mice (Fip200-Li KO) | FIP200 | Down | Down | + |
| Ma et al., 2013 | C57BL/6J | 60%, 5, fasted | Fip200 f/f; adeno-Cre injection (Fip200- conditional KO) | FIP200 | Down | Down | + |
| Li et al., 2014 | C57BL/6J | 45%, 12 | Heterozygous Ulk1-KO mice (Ulk1 +/−) | ULK1 | Down | Up | − |
Articles using genetic interventions in the autophagy machinery and obesity models to promote steatosis, describing the diet fat content, intervention duration, liver steatosis, and LC3-II and p62 protein in levels in the liver in comparison to control groups (WT), normalized by a housekeeping protein. LC3-II and p62 were measured by the authors through SDS-PAGE Western blots and described semi-quantitatively or qualitatively. All animals were male mice. Positive correlation = steatosis is up, and autophagy is up OR steatosis is down, and autophagy is down; Negative correlation = steatosis is up, and autophagy is down OR steatosis is down, and autophagy is up.