Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the study sample (N = 15,531).
| Variables | Total (N = 15,531) | No Violence (N = 12,653) | Violence (N = 2,878) | X2 | df | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | ||||
| Gender (males) | 1,770 | 11.4 | 1,343 | 10.6 | 427 | 14.8 | 41.402 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Married | 10,912 | 70.3 | 8,887 | 70.2 | 2,025 | 70.4 | 0.018 | 1 | 0.895 |
| College education and above | 14,527 | 93.5 | 11,777 | 93.1 | 2,750 | 95.6 | 23.767 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Living with family | 12,801 | 82.4 | 10,465 | 82.7 | 2,336 | 81.2 | 3.839 | 1 | 0.050 |
| Department | |||||||||
| Psychiatry | 10,516 | 67.7 | 8,568 | 67.7 | 1,948 | 67.7 | 106.462 | 3 | <0.001 |
| Emergency | 1,103 | 7.1 | 781 | 6.2 | 322 | 11.2 | |||
| Ophthalmology | 2,155 | 13.9 | 1,814 | 14.3 | 341 | 11.8 | |||
| Otolaryngology | 1,757 | 11.3 | 1,490 | 11.8 | 267 | 9.3 | |||
| Experienced SARS in 2003 | 1,560 | 10.0 | 1,229 | 9.7 | 331 | 11.5 | 8.295 | 1 | 0.004 |
| Working in tertiary hospital | 10,803 | 69.6 | 8,708 | 68.8 | 2,095 | 72.8 | 17.469 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Working in inpatient department | 13,159 | 84.7 | 10,878 | 86.0 | 2,281 | 79.3 | 81.710 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Shift duty | 11,116 | 71.6 | 9,077 | 71.7 | 2,039 | 70.8 | 0.913 | 1 | 0.339 |
| Number of local cases of COVID-19 patients >500 | 2,127 | 13.7 | 1,700 | 13.4 | 427 | 14.8 | 3.894 | 1 | 0.048 |
| Having infected family/friends/colleagues | 511 | 3.3 | 349 | 2.8 | 162 | 5.6 | 60.724 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Looking after infected patients | 784 | 5.0 | 530 | 4.2 | 254 | 8.8 | 105.174 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Frequent communication program use | 12,598 | 81.1 | 10,193 | 80.6 | 2,405 | 83.6 | 13.840 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 272 | 1.8 | 169 | 1.3 | 103 | 3.6 | 68.570 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | T/Z | df | P | |
| Age (years) | 33.42 | 8.30 | 33.33 | 8.34 | 33.80 | 8.08 | −2.738 | 15529 | 0.006 |
| Work experience (years) | 11.89 | 9.03 | 11.80 | 9.07 | 12.33 | 8.86 | −4.178 | -a | <0.001 |
| PHQ total score | 3.48 | 4.41 | 2.86 | 3.88 | 6.23 | 5.45 | −36.170 | -a | <0.001 |
| GAD total score | 2.46 | 3.67 | 1.94 | 3.18 | 4.74 | 4.66 | −36.754 | -a | <0.001 |
| ISI total score | 4.67 | 4.89 | 4.07 | 4.50 | 7.34 | 5.61 | −32.047 | -a | <0.001 |
| QOL total score | 6.62 | 1.59 | 6.78 | 1.56 | 5.90 | 1.52 | 27.542 | 15529 | <0.001 |
Bolded values: < 0.05; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; COVID-19, Corona Virus Disease 2019; SARS, Severe acute respiratory syndrome; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; GAD, Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; QOL, Quality of Life; a = Mann-Whitney U-test.