Table 6.
The effects of school violence on teachers professional engagement by country.
| Effect | Path | Standardized Estimate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| USA | Korea | England | Mexico | ||
| Participation among stake holders -> School Violence | −0.191 (0.049)*** | −0.107 (0.049)*** | −0.139 (0.036)*** | −0.107 (0.043)*** | |
| Direct Effect | Teacher–Student Relationship –> School Violence | −0.395 (0.049)*** | −0.651 (0.042)*** | −0.440 (0.036)*** | −0.150 (0.028)*** |
| School Violence -> Teacher Self-Efficacy | −0.252 (0.044)*** | −0.299 (0.026)*** | −0.293 (0.031)*** | −0.139 (0.032)*** | |
| School Violence –> TPE | −0.300 (0.043)*** | −0.288 (0.027)*** | −0.286 (0.029)*** | −0.150 (0.028)*** | |
| Teacher Self-efficacy –> TPE | 0.222 (0.038)*** | 0.215 (0.024)*** | 0.205 (0.028)*** | 0.374 (0.027)*** | |
| Indirect Effect | School Violence –> Teacher Self-Efficacy->TPE | −0.069 (0.016)*** | −0.082 (0.011)*** | −0.102 (0.017)*** | −0.048 (0.010)*** |
| Controls | Female | −0.030 (0.035) | 0.016 (0.025) | 0.033 (0.026) | 0.085 (0.027)** |
| Age | 0.089 (0.039)* | −0.057 (0.025)** | −0.042 (0.033) | −0.017 (0.036) | |
| School-Related Work Experience | 0.016 (0.039) | −0.062 (0.033)+ | 0.017 (0.031) | 0.052 (0.036) | |
| Full Time | −0.041 (0.046) | 0.014 (0.027) | 0.066 (0.028)* | 0.081 (0.028)** | |
| Public Schools | −0.064 (0.056) | −0.080 (0.033)* | −0.054 (0.026)* | −0.011 (0.030) | |
| Rural/Village | −0.084 (0.039) | −0.008 (0.037) | 0.081 (0.038)* | 0.036 (0.036) | |
| (Large) City | −0.032 (0.036) | −0.059 (0.035)+ | 0.002 (0.029) | −0.032 (0.032) | |
| School Enrollment | −0.098 (0.034)** | −0.030 (0.029) | 0.009 (0.025) | 0.036 (0.029) | |
| Over 30% Students from Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Homes | −0.037 (0.042) | −0.022 (0.042) | −0.027 (0.028) | 0.011 (0.030) | |
***
p < 0.001;
**
p < 0.01;
*
p < 0.05 (two-tailed);
+
p < 0.1.