Table 1.
Characteristics of participants.
| Participants | Gender | Age | IQ | Special needs | Reading proficiency (LQ) | German L1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| John | Male | 11;7 | 70–85 | LD/EBD | 78 | Yes |
| Timo | Male | 12;1 | 70–85 | LD/EBD | <62 | Yes |
| Emma | Female | 12;5 | 70–85 | LD/EBD | 64 | Yes |
| Levin | Male | 11;7 | 70–85 | LD | 69 | Yes |
| Ben | Male | 12;9 | 70–85 | LD | <62 | Yes |
| Sam | Male | 12;3 | 70–85 | LD/EBD | <62 | Yes |
| Seba | Male | 14;3 | 70–85 | LD | 68 | Yes |
| Lauren | Female | 13;1 | 70–85 | LD | <62 | Yes |
LD, learning disabilities; EBD, emotional behavioral disorder; L1, first language; LQ, reading quotient (<89 underdeveloped reading; <79 weak reading).