The percentage of HERV-W ENV-positive lymphocytes correlates with markers of T cell differentiation and exhaustion.
Scatter plot of the percentage of HERV-W ENV-positive lymphocytes (X axis) and the expression of markers of differentiation and exhaustion in CD3+CD4+ T cells (a) and CD3+CD8+ T cells (b) (Y axis) in COVID-19 patients (n = 30, black dots) and healthy donors (n = 17, white dots). The gating strategy to analyze markers related to differentiation, activation status, senescence, and exhaustion in T cells was provided by Beckman Coulter (Duraclone), specifically, naïve (NAIVE) (CCR7+CD45RA+CD28+CD27+), central memory (CM) (CCR7−CD45RA+CD28+CD27+/−), effector memory (EM) (CCR7−CD45RA−CD28+/−CD27+/−), terminal effector memory (TEM) (CCR7−CD45RA+CD28−CD27+/−), PD1+ exhausted and CD57+ senescent T cells. Pairwise associations between continuous variables were tested through the Spearman correlation coefficient. Statistically significant values were considered when p <0.050.