Table 1.
Demographics and clinical classification of COVID-19 patients at enrolment and respiratory outcome
| Demographics and Clinical severity at enrolment | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asymptomatic (AS) | Paucisymptomatic (PS) | Mild (Mild) | Moderate (Mod) | Severe (Sev) | Tot | ||||
| Number | 5 | 10 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 30 | |||
| Age (Mean ± SD) | 61 ± 12.1 | 57 ± 15 | 60 ± 6.6 | 56 ± 14 | 48 ± 1.2 | 58 ± 12 | |||
| Sex (M/F) | 4/1 | 6/4 | 7/0 | 2/1 | 3/0 | 24/6 | |||
| Hospitalization (days+) | 2 ± 2 | 1 ± 1.1 | 1 ± 0.9 | 1 ± 1.6 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 2 ± 1.45 | |||
| +days between hospitalization and sampling | |||||||||
| Radiological and clinical characteristics, treatments and outcome | |||||||||
| AS | PS | Mild | Mod | Sev | Tot | ||||
| Pneumonia* | None | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (10%) | ||
| P | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 (10%) | |||
| MiP | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 (20%) | |||
| BiP | 2 | 1 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 17 (56.6%) | |||
| Comorbidities | Obesity | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 8 (26.6%) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 9 (30%) | |||
| Cardiovascular | 6 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 19 (63.3%) | |||
| Others** | 2 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 15 (66.6%) | |||
| Mortality | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3/30 (10%) | |||
| Treatment | Antiviral | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 9 | ||
| Corticosteroids | - | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 11 | |||
| * none =no pneumonia, P= no interstitial pneumonia, MiP= Monolateral or minimal interstitial pneumonia, BiP= bilateral interstitial pneumonia ** other comorbidities or habits: solid organ replacement, gastrointestinal, smoke | |||||||||
| Blood Count | |||||||||
| AS | PS | Mild | Mod | Sev | Tot | ||||
| Red Blood cells (4.40-6.00) 106 /μl | 4 ± 0.13 | 5 ± 0.042 | 5 ± 0.72 | 5 ± 1.02 | 5 ± 0.43 | 4.32 ± 0.5 | |||
| Haemoglobin (13.00–18.00) g/dl | 11 ± 1.47 | 13 ± 1.69 | 13 ± 1.78 | 13 ± 2.43 | 15 ± 2.2 | 12.40 ± 1.7 | |||
| White Blood Cells (4.30–10.80) 105/μl | 3 ± 4.13 | 5 ± 0.19 | 6 ± 2.99 | 5 ± 1.93 | 6 ± 3.28 | 7.28 ± 3.2 | |||
| Neutrophils | Abs count | 2.0 ± 1.16 | 3.0 ± 0.03 | 5.0 ± 2.68 | 5.0 ± 2.31 | 9.0 ± 2.55 | 5.27 ± 3.0 | ||
| % (40–75) | 64 ± 16 | 55.5 ± 1.31 | 71.2 ± 14.7 | 61.49 ± 16.59 | 68 ± 1.83 | 67.8 ± 1.0 | |||
| Lymphocytes | Abs count | 1.0 ± 0.55 | 2.0 ± 0.14 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 2.0 ± 0.95 | 1.0 ± 0.57 | 1.45 ± 0.70 | ||
| % (20–45) | 22.2 ± 12.70 | 32.91 ± 1.6 | 22.5 ± 11.9 | 30.62 ± 13.29 | 24.46 ± 2 | 23.04 ± 1.0 | |||
| Monocytes | Abs count | 0.14 ± 0.10 | 0.46 ± 0.07 | 0.38 ± 0.17 | 0.33 ± 0.2 | 0.40 ± 0.40 | 0.45 ± 0.17 | ||
| % (3.4–11) | 4 ± 2.93 | 10 ± 1.83 | 5.19 ± 1.8 | 5.72 ± 2.97 | 6.16 ± 2.6 | 6.89 ± 2.60 | |||
| Eosinophils | Abs count | 0.15 ± 0.2 | 0.17 ± 0.05 | 0.09 ± 0.07 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.07 ± 0.3 | 0.10 ± 0.15 | ||
| % (0–7) | 3.3 ± 5.49 | 4.04 ± 1.06 | 1.96 ± 1.67 | 0.87 ± 0.35 | 1.0 ± 3.60 | 1.90 ± 3.62 | |||
| Basophils | Abs count | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.001 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | ||
| % (0–1.5) | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.34 ± 0.28 | 0.27 ± 0.07 | 0.16 ± 0.10 | 0.13 ± 0.07 | 0.20 ± 0.17 | |||
| Respiratory Outcome*** | |||||||||
| AS | PS | Mild | Mod | Sev | Tot | ||||
| None | 4 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 16 (53.3%) | |||
| NC/VMK | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 8 (26.6%) | |||
| NIV/C-PAP/OTI | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 6 (20.0%) | |||
| *** None = No oxygen support, NC/VMK = Nasal Cannula/Venturi Mask, NIV/C-PAP = Non-invasive ventilation or OTI = invasive ventilation | |||||||||
| Biochemicals | |||||||||
| AS | PS | Mild | Mod | Sev | Tot | ||||
| PT % (70-130) | 93 ± 8.77 | 91 ± 6.5 | 89 ± 8.27 | 83.10 ± 4.54 | 83.06 ± 0.1 | 89.09 ± 7.83 | |||
| PT-INR (0.80-1.20) | 1.09 ± 0.06 | 1.99 ± 0.045 | 1.1 ± 0.067 | 1.15 ± 0.042 | 1.91 ± 0.01 | 1.10 ± 0.06 | |||
| PT sec | 12 ± 0.8 | 13 ± 0.55 | 13.69 ± 0.78 | 13.92 ± 0.49 | 13.80 ± 0.1 | 13.16 ± 0.72 | |||
| Fibrinogen (200-400) mg/dl | 341 ± 144 | 460 ± 171 | 495 ± 53 | 520 ± 122 | 527 ± 1.3 | 474 ± 124 | |||
| Antitrombin III % (75-128) | 91 ± 15 | 100 ± 3 | 104 ± 17 | 106 ± 14 | 99 ± 1.1 | 101 ± 14 | |||
| D-Dmers (0-500) ng/ml | 1133 ± 618 | 670 ± 966 | 574 ± 106 | 648 ± 182 | 558 ± 532 | 662 ± 511 | |||
| Glucose (70-100) mg/dl | 93 ± 27 | 94 ± 73 | 152 ± 77 | 94 ± 30 | 100 ± 35 | 104 ± 51 | |||
| BUN (15-40) mg/dl | 143 ± 66 | 30 ± 8.73 | 38 ± 8.8 | 32 ± 11 | 45 ± 28 | 53 ± 49 | |||
| AST (5-34) U/liter | 24 ± 61 | 21 ± 10 | 59 ± 10 | 50 ± 127 | 195 ± 1 | 54 ± 67 | |||
| ALT (0-55) U/liter | 28 ± 31 | 28 ± 7.5 | 44 ± 46 | 71 ± 183 | 34 ± 68 | 54 ± 83 | |||
| LDH (125-220) U/liter | 311 ± 136 | 212 ± 91 | 269 ± 100 | 321 ± 97 | 459 ± 90 | 305 ± 121 | |||
| Reactive C Protein (CRP) (0-5) mg/liter | 35 ± 40 | 25 ± 11 | 38 ± 44 | 54 ± 55 | 40 ± 32 | 39 ± 40 | |||