Table 4.

The elements of play behavior in rat offspring.

The elements of play behavior		Males			Females			Sex differences (p value)
		C	PS	p value	C	PS	p value	C	PS
Total play behavior	Duration, s	134.2 ± 13.5	84.8 ± 10.7	0.01	104.7 ± 6.8	88.6 ± 9.8	0.70	0.29	0.99
	Frequency	50.9 ± 5.1	34.3 ± 4.3	0.01	39.5 ± 2.4	41.4 ± 3.8	0.77	0.02	0.17
	Latency, s	66.2 ± 7.3	71.5 ± 8.7	0.77	96.5 ± 22.4	94.9 ± 26.7	0.67	0.73	0.98
Pouncing	Duration, s	24.6 ± 5.0	23.4 ± 3.5	1	22.9 ± 5.5	18.0 ± 2.5	0.83	0.99	0.76
	Frequency	14.7 ± 2.4	14.5 ± 2.0	0.94	13.5 ± 2.6	12.9 ± 1.4	0.82	0.62	0.60
	Latency, s	79.8 ± 13.1	71.5 ± 12.4	0.87	127.3 ± 22.0	106.5 ± 33.4	0.63	0.12	0.35
Pinning	Duration, s	84.0 ± 10.3	42.1 ± 6.5	0.004	68.0 ± 9.2	51.7 ± 7.0	0.51	0.55	0.82
	Frequency	20.5 ± 2.9	11.3 ± 1.8	0.03	18.0 ± 1.9	17.0 ± 2.1	0.99	0.87	0.24
	Latency, s	96.1 ± 35.2	151.9 ± 18.1	0.05	140.1 ± 21.4	150.5 ± 32.4	1	0.28	0.44
Boxing	Duration, s	23.2 ± 3.4	12.1 ± 4.7	0.18	7.8 ± 3.7	16.2 ± 3.1	0.01	0.005	0.51
	Frequency	13.4 ± 1.6	5.5 ± 1.5	0.01	5.6 ± 1.0	9.0 ± 1.7	0.02	0.004	0.17
	Latency, s	87.2 ± 14.0	117.8 ± 39.8	0.31	131.4 ± 38.9	190.6 ± 36.5	0.62	0.47	0.66
Chasing	Duration, s	2.4 ± 0.5	0.74 ± 0.3	0.01	0.31 ± 0.29	0.48 ± 0.42	0.60	0.01	0.56
	Frequency	2.0 ± 0.5	0.55 ± 0.25	0.004	0.50 ± 0.26	0.50 ± 0.37	0.75	0.01	0.43
	Latency, s	339 ± 70	900 ± 68	0.001	850 ± 84	632 ± 104	0.46	0.009	0.27
Social exploration	Duration, s	40.9 ± 7.4	28.4 ± 5.6	0.28	32.0 ± 9.7	31.4 ± 4.6	0.38	0.25	0.98
	Frequency	12.9 ± 1.9	13.7 ± 2.3	0.99	11.6 ± 2.9	16.2 ± 1.7	0.47	0.98	0.84
	Latency, s	10.1 ± 2.1	10.2 ± 5.2	0.49	19.2 ± 4.1	15.6 ± 21.3	0.97	0.08	0.47

PS, prenatal stress offspring; C, control offspring. Statistically significant values (p < 0.05) are highlighted in bold.