Table 1.

Interaction between medications and the timing of COVID-19 vaccination.

Medications	Timing of vaccination
No interaction		Mesalamine, sulfasalazine Azathioprine Mycophenolate Anti-TNFα Anti-ILs (-1, -4, -5, -5R, -6R, -12/23, -13, -17, -23) Anti-integrins Leflunomide Belimumab Oral calcineurin inhibitors Cyclophosphamide (oral) Hydroxychloroquine Low-dose corticosteroids (prednisone-equivalent dose <20 mg/day) Intravenous immunoglobulin	No modification needed
With interaction
High-dose corticosteroids (prednisone-equivalent dose >20 mg/day)	If a corticosteroids tapering is not possible, evaluate case by case
Methotrexate	Hold one week after each vaccine dose*
JAK inhibitors	Hold one week after each vaccine dose*
Abatacept SC/IV	SC: for the first dose of the vaccine, hold one week prior to and one week after IV: administer the first dose of the vaccine four weeks after the Abatacept infusion and the following Abatacept infusion with a 1 week delay
Cyclophosphamide IV	One week delay after the vaccine administration*
Rituximab	Patients who have not started rituximab need to be vaccinated ≥ 4 weeks prior to rituximab infusion, while patients under rituximab need to be vaccinated 12-20 weeks after completion of a treatment cycle

TNFα, tumor necrosis factor; IL, interleukin; IV, intravenous; SC, subcutaneous.

*in well-controlled disease. Adapted from the American College of Rheumatology Guidelines (13), the British Society of Gastroenterology Position statements (14) and others (15, 16).