TABLE 2.
List of viral vector–based vaccine candidates under preclinical evaluation (WHO, 2021).
| Developer/manufacturer | Type of vaccine candidate |
| Nonreplicating viral vector–based vaccine candidates | |
|---|---|
| University of Helsinki/University of Eastern Finland | Ad 5 vector |
| Theravectys-Institut Pasteur | Lentiviral vector |
| ID Pharma | Sendai virus vector |
| Ankara University | Adenovirus-based |
| Massachusetts General Hospital/AveXis | AAVCOVID |
| GeoVax/BravoVax | MVA-encoded VLP |
| DZIF- German Center for Infection Research/DT Biologika GmbH | MVA-S encoded |
| IDIBAPS-Hospital Clinic (Spain) | MVA-S |
| AIOVA | Lentiviral vector |
| Erciyes University | Adeno5-based |
| Greffex | Ad5 S |
| Stabilitech Biopharma Ltd | Oral Ad5 S |
| Valo Therapeutics Ltd | Adenovirus-based + HLA-matched peptides |
| Centro Nacional Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC) (Spain) | MVA expressing structural proteins |
| University of Georgia/University of Lowa | PIV5 |
| Bharat Biotech/Thomas Jefferson University | Recombinant deactivated rabies virus containing S1 |
| National Research Center (Egypt) | Influenza a H1N1 vector |
| Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai | Newcastle disease virus expressing S |
| Vaxart | Oral vaccine platform |
| Sorbonne University | Lentiviral vector Retro-VLP particles |
| Replicating viral vector–based vaccine candidates | |
| Farmacologicos Veterinarios SAC (FARVET SAC)/Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH) | rNDV-FARVET expressing RBD |
| KU Leuven | YF17D vector |
| Cadila Healthcare Limited | Measles vector |
| FBRI SRS VB VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo | Measles vector |
| CanVirex AG/DZIF- German Center for Infection Research | Measles virus (S, N targets) |
| Tonix Pharma/Southern Research | Horsepox vector expressing S protein |
| BiOCAD/IEM | Attenuated influenza virus based live viral vectored vaccine |
| FBRI SRC VB VECTOR, rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo | Influenza–based recombinant vaccine |
| Instituto Buntantan/Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz | Attenuated influenza expressing an antigenic portion of the spike protein |
| University of Hong Kong | Influenza vector expressing RBD |
| University of Manitoba | Replicating VSV vector–based DC-targeting |
| University of Western Ontario | VSV-S |
| Aurobindo | VSV-S |
| FBRI SRC VB VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo | VSV vector |
| UW-Madison, Bharat Biotech and FluGen | M2SR influenza vector |
| Intravacc, Utrecht University, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research | NDV-SARS-CoV-2/Spike |
| The Lancaster University (United Kingdom) | APMV |
| Farvet SAC | rNDV-LS1-HN-RBD/SARS-CoV-2 |
| Farvet SAC | rNDV-LS1-S1-F/SARS-CoV-2 |