TABLE 3.

Pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability of ASD in rats after intravenous and intragastrical administration (n = 5).

Parameter	Administration	Parameter value (Mean ± SD)
		IV, 10 mg/kg NS	PO, 100 mg/kg NS	PO, 100 mg/kg + Vegetable oil	PO, 100 mg/kg + Metronidazole	PO, 100 mg/kg + Verapamil	PO, 100 mg/kg + Urea
t1/2	(h)	2.54 ± 1.60	2.27 ± 0.60	3.01 ± 2.04	4.79 ± 0.79	2.00 ± 0.85	1.58 ± 0.23
Tmax	(h)	0.03 ± 0.00	0.25 ± 0.00	0.44 ± 0.49	0.33 ± 0.14	0.83 ± 1.01	0.42 ± 0.14
Cmax	(μg/ml)	59.40 ± 33.54	0.039 ± 0.027	0.34 ± 0.48	0.18 ± 0.21	0.036 ± 0.044	0.092 ± 0.017*
Vz	(L/kg)	2.35 ± 1.90	8,099 ± 4,870	3,214 ± 2,612	11,061 ± 13,466	6,220 ± 4,274	1,037 ± 133
Cl	(L/h/kg)	0.63 ± 0.37	2,376 ± 1,014	709 ± 547	1,428 ± 1,594	2,376 ± 1,381	461 ± 91
MRT(0-t)	(h)	0.50 ± 0.06	1.90 ± 0.11	1.97 ± 0.61	2.33 ± 1.86	2.14 ± 0.27	2.14 ± 0.40
AUC(0-t)	(h*μg/ml)	19.05 ± 8.64	0.047 ± 0.030	0.27 ± 0.30	0.18 ± 0.20	0.058 ± 0.047	0.22 ± 0.043*
AUC(0-∞)	(h*μg/ml)	19.06 ± 8.65	0.050 ± 0.028	0.28 ± 0.30	0.19 ± 0.20	0.063 ± 0.054	0.22 ± 0.044*
F	%	/	0.025	0.14	0.094	0.030	0.12

NC: Not calculated; t_1/2: Terminal half-life; C_max: Peak plasma concentration; T_max: Time of C_max; Vz: The apparent volume of distribution; Cl: Clearance; MRT: Mean Residue Time; AUC: Area under the curve.*p < 0.05 vs. PO 100 mg/kg NS group.