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. 2021 Apr 15;8:644957. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.644957

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

Succinate promotes the phagocytosis of O. niloticus monocytes/macrophages. (A) the monocytes/macrophages were incubated with or without ethyl succinate (20 mM) for 4 h. (B) the monocytes/macrophages were incubated with or without succinate or diethyl malonate treatment for 4 h. (C) the monocytes/macrophages activity of PDH, MDH, KGDH, and SDH. (D) Phagocytosis rate and phagocytic index of FITC-conjugated gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria by succinate-pretreated monocytes/macrophages at indicated concentration. Error bars were represented as means ± SEM from three biological replicates. Statistical significance was obtained when *p < 0.05 or **p < 0.01.