Table 3.
Summary and contributions.
| Author | Focus | Approach | Findings and contributions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cao et al. (2012) | Carbon efficiency indicators of machine tools as the production rate carbon efficiency, material removal rate carbon efficiency and economic return rate. | LCA principles | Carbon emissions were traced to by high energy consumption during use and control the life cycle which add up to approximately 90%. Significant reduction approximately 80% in weight reduction of the machine tools via the EoL options. Some of the EoL options include: reuse, reconditioning, refurbishment, repair, remanufacturing, and recycling. The framework for the EoL option is illustrated in Figure 3 |
| Zendoia et al. (2014) | Established the need to clearly define the inventory phase of the machine tools for improved clarity and consistency of the entire life cycle | Life cycle inventory and impact assessment | Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) - electrical energy and materials or substances used. |
| Sibanda et al. (2019) | Characterization of the life-cycle carbon emissions of machine tools | Reconfiguration | The authors proposed the approach or methodology that involves comprehensive process that includes eco-design (ECD), design for manufacturing (DFM), CED, RMS, and design for assembly (DFA). |
| Krautzera et al. (2015) | Application of the webtool | Internet of Things (IoTs) and web-based applications | Framework for identification of hot and trouble spots during machine tool operation |
| Srinivasan et al. (2014) | Energy efficiency | Use of life cycle-based tools for energy consumption in a building | The life cycle of building from the design phase, construction, operation, to the decommissioning phase significantly affect the energy and environmental sustainability |
| Afsharizand et al. (2014) | Comparison of Energy, cost and environmental sustainability using energy-based indicators used in life cycle assessment tools for buildings | Use of Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) | The authors proposed a framework which captures the machine tool's capability and has been integrated with machine tool specification model introduced in ISO 14649-201 as well as the testing protocol of machine requirements defined in ISO 14649. |
| Yuang et al. (2009) | Development of a LCA model for construction and maintenance of asphalt pavements for improved process sustainability | Used the concept of Life Cycle Assessment for model development | The integration of maintenance and recycling into the LCA model |
| de Souza Zanuto et al. (2019) | Development of a decision making framework for assessing the resources consumed and their environmental impacts during machining operation | Life cycle assessment software tool. | Effective process planning can significantly reduce the impacts of machining operations on the environmental |
| Slapnik et al. (2015) | To extend the life cycle assessment normalization factors | Machine learning approach technique | The generation of energy for remediation impact the environment negatively. |
| Mert et al. (2014) | Development a framework for improving the efficiency of resources during manufacturing operations | Life cycle oriented services | Machine tool design and the delivery of efficient PSS is key to sustainability. Development of framework and its implementation. |
| Schmida et al. (2016) | Life Cycle of Multi Technology Machine Tools – Modularization and Integral Design | Preventive structuring methodology | Establishment of preventive structuring based approach for effective Multi-Technology Machine Tool (MTMT) management |
| Heeschen et al. (2015) | Life cycle oriented tool management during machining operation | Tool and equipment management technique | Managing industrial equipment without the influence of the end users. |
| Azarenko (2009) | Combination of cutting-edge mass production and ultra-precision technologies. | Technical product service system (t-PSS) | Developed a technical product service system (t-PSS) for the BoX ultra-precision free-form grinding machine. |
| Denkena et al. (2006) | Optimization of machine design | Proposed the development of an LCC navigator for analysis | Life cycle costing model to assist the machine manufacturers in the optimization of design during the design phase of the machine development. |
| Emec et al. (2016) | Use of diagnostic and prognostic online tool for fault monitoring and improved resource-efficiency | Real time monitoring approach | Online fault-monitoring in machine tools critical to improvement in energy consumption and resource-efficiency. |
| Zhao and Ming (2019) | Optimization of a remanufacturing technology for motors with improvement in material sustainability. | Remanufacturing approach | These optimization schemes can improve the eco-friendliness. |
| Chen et al. (2018) | Energy effectiveness monitoring system for machining workshop with the support of the newly emerging Internet of Things (IoT) technology | Real time monitoring approach | Manufacturers can optimize the material consumption, energy cost and increase life span of machine tools by utilising the IoT |
| Sihag and Sangwan (2019) | Quantification of the maintainable performance of a machine tool | Multi-criteria decision approach (AHP) | Proposed guideline to provide decision support for to assess the level of sustainability and enhance sustainability performance. |
| Triebe et al. (2019) | Energy efficiency for sustainable manufacturing. | Multi-objective optimization | Framework for the reduction of the weight of a machine tool from the design phase. |
| Burchart-Korol et al. (2016) | To increase the environmental performance of coal mining processes, emissions of methane and consumption of electricity, heat and steel. | Computational LCA model for the estimation of the environmental LCA for a coal mining processes. | High energy consumption and emissions are linked to the use of steel, hence, materials with high strength to weight ratio are recommended. |
| Silva et al. (2015) | Improvement in the process and energy consumption | Use of a modelling method that combines the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the Design of Experiments (DoE) to study a cylindrical plunge grinding for a 21-2N steel. | Authors recommends that a few machined work pieces be used as an LCA locus flow rather than time, for an improved monitoring of the grinding process |
| Campitelli et al. (2019) | Improvement in energy consumption | Green cutting technology. | Life cycle assessment on these two lubrication techniques (Flood Lubrication and Minimum Quantity Lubrication). The use of the FL technique has more impact to environment than MQL technique due to lubricating pump consuming higher energy when using FL technique when compared to MQL [46]. |
| Du et al. (2015) | Novel approach is to improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emission. | The authors has established a system framework of low-carbon operation models for machinery manufacturing industry as a model to investigate the situation. | Low-carbon manufacturing model aimed at solving the challenges of high energy consumption and carbon emission. |
| Diaz et al. (2010) | Environmental sustainability | LCA and redesign | Redesign of machine tool and review of operation strategies aimed at low carbon manufacturing |