Table 5.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression to assess the effectiveness of protective health behaviour and measures
| Crude Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Odds Ratioa (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age | 1.005 (0.977, 1.035) | |
| Male | 1.492 (0.663, 3.359) | |
| Hypertension | 1.163 (0.153, 8.817) | |
| Had physical contact with anyone who had respiratory symptoms | 10.4 (3.270, 33.079)*** | |
| Had physical contact with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 patients | 12.381 (4.261, 35.973)*** | 12.108 (3.380, 43.376)*** |
| Wearing a mask whenever outdoors | 0.191 (0.075, 0.486)*** | 0.307 (0.109, 0.867)* |
| Participated in high-risk gathering activities (interacted with people within 2 m without wearing a mask) | 1.155 (1.089, 1.225)*** | 1.129 (1.048, 1.216)*** |
| Wash hands after handling food or cooking | 0.186 (0.071, 0.485)*** | |
| Wash hands after a toilet trip | 0.355 (0.130, 0.971)* | |
| Wash hands after outdoor activity | 0.027 (0.007, 0.104)*** | 0.021 (0.003, 0.134)*** |
| Wash hands after sneezing or coughing | 0.286 (0.127, 0.648)*** | |
| Wash hands after handling pets | 0.324 (0.142, 0.739)** | |
| Wash hands before touching the mouth and nose area | 0.156 (0.069, 0.353)*** | 0.303 (0.114, 0.808)* |
| Handwashing for over 20 s each time | 0.427 (0.145, 1.258) |
a Univariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with COVID-19 infection. Then, those significant factors were pooled and selected to build a multivariate logistic model via a forward-selection stepwise method
*P < 0.05
**P < 0.01
***P < 0.005