TABLE 5.

The elimination of anthraquinones.

Pharmacokinetic parameters	T1/2 (h)		CL L/Kg·h		References
	Rats	Dogs	Rats	Dogs
Aloe-emodin	0.27–162.12	2.02–14.73	0.002–166.76	61.63	(Feng et al., 2012; Yang et al., 2012; Li et al., 2013b: Zhang et al., 2013a; Feng et al., 2014;
Alizarin	8.97	–	–	–	(Gao et al., 2018)
Aurantio-obtusin	4.94–13.78	–	1.88	–	(Zhang et al., 2014; Yang et al., 2015; Yang et al., 2019a)
Chrysophanol	0.36–20.99	1.95–15.18	0.001–44.74	146.61	(Yang et al., 2012; Feng et al., 2013; Feng et al., 2014; Jiang et al., 2015; Zhu et al., 2017)
Chrysophanol-8-O-β-d-glycoside	4.8	–	–	–	(Ullah et al., 2018)
Chryso-obtusin	3.86–8.69	–	3.04	–	(Zhang et al., 2014; Yang et al., 2019a)
Citreorosein	3.97	–	–	–	(Cheng et al., 2020)
Emodin	0.10–53.99	1.72–18.73	0.006–56.4	17.12	(Song et al., 2009a:; Yang et al., 2012; Li et al., 2013b; Zhang et al., 2013a; Zhang et al., 2013b; Feng et al., 2014; Zhu et al., 2014; Zhang et al., 2018c)
Emodin-8-O-β-D-glycoside	0.18–3.92	–	–	–	(Zhang et al., 2018b; Cheng et al., 2020)
Munjistin	9.22–11.97	–	–	–	(Gao et al., 2016; Gao et al., 2018)
Obtusifolin	1.87–11.12	–	21.10	–	(Zhang et al., 2012; Yang et al., 2015; Yang et al., 2019a)
Obtusin	4.41–8.28	–	1.96	–	(Zhang et al., 2014; Yang et al., 2019a)
Physcion	0.28–39.12	13.08	10.10–27.35	109.53	(Feng et al., 2013; Feng et al., 2014; Feng et al., 2017; Zhu et al., 2017)
Physcion-8-O-β-D-glycoside	6.13–6.20	–	–	–	(Ullah et al., 2018; Cheng et al., 2020)
Purpurin	8.07–9.52	–	–	–	(Gao et al., 2016; Gao et al., 2018)
Questinol	8.90	–	–	–	(Cheng et al., 2020)
Rhein	0.15–39.39	1.8–10.11	0.002–17.2	0.98	(Yang et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2013a; Li et al., 2013b; Zhang et al., 2013b; Feng et al., 2014; Zhu et al., 2014; Zhu et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2018c)
Xanthopurpurin	8.1	–	–	–	(Han et al., 2020)
1-desmethylobtusin	7.01	–	1.33	–	(Zhang et al., 2014)

T_1/2: half time of elimination; CL: plasma clearance rate.