Fig. 4.

Acidic bile salts induced NRF2 nuclear accumulation where APE1 is required for NRF2 nuclear retention. CPB (A), OE33 (C) and FLO1 (E) cells were treated with ABS for 20 min, followed by recovery in complete media. The samples were collected at 0, 1, 3, 6, and 24 h time points post treatment. Cytosolic and nuclear fractions were isolated and evaluated by western blotting for the levels of NRF2, APE1 and KEAP1. CPB (B), OE33 (D) and FLO1 (F) cells were transfected with si-Ctrl and si-APE1 for 48 h. Cytosolic and nuclear fractions were isolated and evaluated by western blotting for the levels of NRF2, APE1 and KEAP1. β-tubulin and p84 were used as a loading control for cytosolic and nuclear fractions, respectively.