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. 2021 Feb;43:117–127. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.12.002

Table 2.

P450 transcriptional responses per species, presented by experimental setup, gene identity and level of validation

Species (order) Diet breadth Phytochemicals/hosts/pathway Differential expression method P450 genes or families of interest Validation technique? Ref
Artificial administration
Aphis gossypii
(Hemiptera)		 P Gossypol, 2-Tridecanone, Quercetin, Tannic acid RT-qPCR CYP6(CY19, CY22, DA1)3 / [45]
Depressaria pastinacella
(Lepidoptera)		 O Bergapten, Sphondin, Xanthotoxin RT-qPCR CYP6AE893 Functional expression [37]
Drosophila melanogaster
(Diptera)		 P Acetic acid, Ethanol, 2-Phenylethanol
(Fumigation)		 RNA-seq (Illumina HiSeq 4000)
RT-qPCRa 		CYP6(A2, A8, D5)3, CYP4E34 / [74]
Helicoverpa armigera
(Lepidoptera)		 P Gossypol RT-qPCR CYP18B12, CYP6(AB9, AE14)3, CYP4L114 RNAi [35]
Helicoverpa armigera
(Lepidoptera)		 P Xanthotoxin, 2-Tridecanone, Gossypol RT-qPCR CYP6AE3 (e.g. CYP6AE(14, 19, 20)) CRISPR-Cas9
Functional expression		 [60•]
Hyles euphorbiae
(Lepidoptera)		 M 12-Tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) RNA-seq (Illumina HiSeq 2000)b
DeepSuperSAGE		 CYP6BD63, CYP9(A17, A21)3 / [17]
Locusta migratoria
(Orthoptera)		 P 12 phytochemicals, model inducers and common insecticides
(Leaf-dip)		 RNA-seq (Illumina HiSeq 4000)b
RT-qPCR		 43 genes of CYP2, CYP3, CYP4 and mitochondrial clan / [28]
Nilaparvata lugens
(Hemiptera)		 M Rice leaf sheath extracts RT-qPCR CYP6(AX1, AY1)3, CYP4C614 RNAi [76]
Sitophilus zeamais
(Coleoptera)		 P Terpinen-4-ol
(Fumigation)		 RNA-seq (BGISEQ-500)
RT-qPCRa 		11 members of CYP63, CYP345E23, CYP4(BH1, G56)4, CYP412A14 / [16]
Oedaleus asiaticus
(Orthoptera)		 O Rutin
(Leaf-dip)		 RNA-seq (Illumina HiSeq 4000)
RT-qPCRa 		CYP6K13, CYP9E13 / [27]
Spodoptera exigua
(Lepidoptera)		 P Quercetin RT-qPCR CYP6AE103 CYP9A113, CYP321A83 RNAi [38]
Spodoptera litura
(Lepidoptera)		 P Xanthotoxin, Ricin RNA-seq (Illumina HiSeq 4000)
RT-qPCRa 		CYP6(AE9, B29)3, CYP9A3 CYP321B13, CYP337(A1, A2)3 RNAi [39]
Spodoptera litura
(Lepidoptera)		 P Coumarin, Tomatine, Xanthotoxin RT-qPCR CYP6AB603 RNAi [40]
Spodoptera litura
(Lepidoptera)		 P Tomatine RNA-seq (Illumina HiSeq 2000)
RT-qPCRa 		CYP4(G75, L4)4, CYP340AB14, CYP339A1M / [67]
Spodoptera litura
(Lepidoptera)		 P z-ligustilide RT-PCR (semi-quantitative) CYP4(M14, S9)4 / [18]
Complete host plant shift
Bactrocera oleae
(Diptera)		 M Green and black olive Microarray
RT-qPCRa 		2 B. oleae P450 contigs (contig03604, contig10157) / [20]
Bemisia tabaci
(Hemiptera)		 P Eggplant, Pepper, Cassava, Kale NextSeq 500
RT-qPCRa 		24 P450 s most related to Clan 3 and Clan 4 / [26•]
Danaus plexippus
(Lepidoptera)		 O Milkweed (2 species) RNA-seq (BGIseq-500) e.g. CYP6AB43 / [34]
Helicoverpa armigera
(Lepidoptera)		 P Chili, Cotton, Corn, Soybean RNA-seq (Illumina HiSeq 2000)
RT-qPCRa 		CYP18B12, CYP6(AB9, AE14)3, CYP4L114 RNAi [35]
Oedaleus asiaticus
(Orthoptera)		 O Grasses (3 common species), A.frigida RNA-seq (Illumina HiSeq 2000)
RT-qPCRa 		CYP6K13 / [23]
Phaedon cochleariae
(Coleoptera)		 O Chinese cabbae, Watercress, White mustard RNA-seq (Illumina HiSeq 2000)b
Microarray		 A lot of not-specified P450 s differentially expressed / [7•]
Sitobion avenae
(Hemiptera)		 O Barley, Wheat RNA-seq (Illumina HiSeq 2500)
RT-qPCRa 		CYP6(A13, K1-1, K1-2)3, CYP4(C1, G15)4 / [21]
Sitobion avenae
(Hemiptera)		 O Barley, Wheat RNA-seq (Illumina HiSeq 2500)
RT-qPCRa 		e.g. CYP6A133, CYP4C14 / [22]
Spodoptera exigua
(Lepidoptera)		 P Cabbage, Maize, Tobacco RNA-seq (Illumina HiSeq 4000) e.g. CYP6AE, CYP321 and more Clan 3, Clan 4 P450s / [25]
Spodoptera frugiperda
(Lepidoptera)		 P Corn, Rice RNA-seq (Illumina HiSeq 2500) e.g. CYP6(AB4, AE9)3, CYP332A13, CYP4(L6, M5)4 / [77]
Tetranychus cinnabarinus
(Trombidiformes)		 P Cowpea, Cotton RNA-seq (Illumina HiSeq 2000)
RT-qPCRa 		CYP392A43 RNAi (transgenic cotton expressing dsRNA) [9]
Tetranychus urticae
(Trombidiformes)		 P Bean, Tomato Microarray CYP392(A1, A3, B1, B2, B3, D3)2, CYP385(C2, C3, C4)3, CYP381A2M / [5]
Transgenic host-plants
Heliothis virescens
(Lepidoptera)
Pieris brassicae
(Lepidoptera)		 P
O		 Glucosinolates (Arabidopsis) RNA-seq (Illumina HiSeq 2500) Several members of Clan 3 (CYP6 and CYP9) / [31•]
Tetranychus urticae
(Trombidiformes)		 P Glucosinolates (Arabidopsis) RT-qPCR CYP392(A1, A16, D8)2 RNAi of Tu-CPR [6]
Tupiocoris notatus
(Hemiptera)		 O Jasmonic acid (Nicotiana attenuata) RNA-seq (Illumina HiSeq 2000)
RT-qPCR		 Several members of Clan 3 and Clan 4 / [75]

The studies reported in this table were published between 2017 and 2020, except for key studies on transgenic host shifts and those with the spider mite T.urticae, representative for chelicerates. This table categorizes recent research (partly) focusing on short-term transcriptional responses to of P450s to phytochemicals based on arbitrarily chosen experimental set-up categories. The P450s of interest in these studies are CYP genes actually responding to the host-shift or phytochemical administered. Not all CYP gene names do follow the official CYP nomenclature (David Nelson, University of Tennesee) but were based on the CYP name of their best BLAST hits. The feeding column indicates the feeding patterns of the respective species (P: polyphagous, O: oligophagous, M: monophagous). CYP genes are grouped per family and their respective clan is displayed in superscript: (2) Clan2, (3) Clan3, (4) Clan4, (M)Mitochondrial. Extra comments on the differential expression methods is indicated as followed: (a) RT-qPCR used for verification of differential gene expression, (b) Used for reference transcriptome assembly.