FIGURE 4.

Schematic summary on the role of LSECs in NAFLD inflammation. Inflammation is a key factor in the development of NAFL to NASH. LSEC as a window controls the occurrence and progression of inflammation. The pro-inflammatory effect of LSECs promotes the opening of the window, while the anti-inflammatory effect of LSECs acts as an opponent to prevent the passage of inflammation. Therefore, how to control the window provides new strategies for the R&D of novelty drugs against NAFLD/NASH. The dotted line is a possible relationship. CCL C-C motif chemokine ligand, CXCL C-X-C motif chemokine ligand, EVs extracellular vesicles, ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule-1, IL interleukin, LSECs liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, NAFL, nonalcoholic fatty liver, NASH nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α, VAP-1 vascular adhesion protein-1, VCAM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.