Figure 1.

N. annulifera venom (NaV) acts on the human complement system. NHS samples were incubated with NaV or sterile saline for 30 minutes at 37°C. Then, these samples were submitted to functional assays to determine NaV effects on AP (A), LP (B) and CP (C) activity. In addition, C3a (D), C4a (E) and C5a (F) anaphylatoxins generation, and sTCC (G) assembly were measured by ELISA. Data represent means ± SEM of five independent experiments from different NHS donors. ***p ≤ 0.001 (two-tailed t-test or two-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post-test).