Table 4.
Effect size of hypertension on incident diabetes in prespecified and exploratory subgroups
| Characteristic | No of participants | HR (95%CI) | P value | P for interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 0.8253 | |||
| < 45 | 10,424 | 1.217 (0.876, 1.691) | 0.2420 | |
| 45–60 | 9796 | 1.093 (0.908, 1.315) | 0.3490 | |
| ≥ 60 | 8134 | 1.047 (0.907, 1.208) | 0.5317 | |
| Gender | 0.7122 | |||
| Male | 39,072 | 1.068 (0.975, 1.170) | 0.1587 | |
| Female | 198 | 0.847 (0.341, 2.106) | 0.7213 | |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 0.2095 | |||
| < 25 | 16,382 | 1.038 (0.840, 1.283) | 0.7305 | |
| ≥ 25, < 29.9 | 12,466 | 1.027 (0.899, 1.175) | 0.6916 | |
| ≥ 29.9 | 624 | 0.676 (0.441, 1.035) | 0.0715 | |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 0.3394 | |||
| < 6.1 | 48,902 | 1.162 (1.029, 1.312) | 0.0154 | |
| ≥ 6.1 | 590 | 1.052 (0.774, 1.430) | 0.7455 | |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m^2) | 0.1310 | |||
| < 90 | 2316 | 0.899 (0.678, 1.193) | 0.4616 | |
| ≥ 90 | 42,158 | 1.137 (1.026, 1.260) | 0.0143 | |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 0.0675 | |||
| < 7.1 | 10,374 | 0.708 (0.476, 1.052) | 0.0874 | |
| ≥ 7.1 | 26,662 | 1.053 (0.957, 1.159) | 0.2911 | |
| ALT(U/L) | 0.7811 | |||
| < 40 | 36,772 | 1.102 (0.990, 1.227) | 0.0751 | |
| ≥ 40 | 2380 | 1.023 (0.743, 1.409) | 0.8886 | |
| AST(U/L) | 0.5111 | |||
| < 40 | 9038 | 1.123 (0.918, 1.373) | 0.2607 | |
| ≥ 40 | 78 | 1.011 (0.353, 2.901) | 0.9832 | |
| Not record | 18,880 | 0.935 (0.819, 1.066) | 0.5641 | |
| TC (mmol/L) | 0.5027 | |||
| < 6.22 | 48,008 | 1.092 (0.999, 1.194) | 0.0521 | |
| ≥ 6.22 | 518 | 0.678 (0.312, 1.473) | 0.3257 | |
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.5843 | |||
| < 2.66 | 35,572 | 1.071 (0.953, 1.203) | 0.2513 | |
| ≥ 2.66 | 3440 | 0.994 (0.788, 1.255) | 0.9612 | |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 0.9791 | |||
| < 1.04 | 588 | 0.984 (0.474, 2.042) | 0.9659 | |
| ≥ 1.04 | 12,444 | 1.035 (0.883, 1.212) | 0.6713 | |
| Not recorded | 11,022 | 0.953 (0.774, 1.173) | 0.6496 | |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 0.1366 | |||
| < 4.14 | 17,236 | 1.094 (0.961, 1.245) | 0.1758 | |
| ≥ 4.14 | 54 | 0.000 (0.000, Inf) | 0.9999 | |
| Not recorded | 10,506 | 1.022 (0.820, 1.274) | 0.8449 | |
| Smoking status | 0.5709 | |||
| Current/Ever smoker | 662 | 1.295 (0.492, 3.412) | 0.6008 | |
| Never smoker | 1954 | 1.134 (0.650, 1.978) | 0.6581 | |
| Not recorded | 29,142 | 1.165 (1.055, 1.287) | 0.0026 | |
| Drinking status | 0.6793 | |||
| Current/Ever drinker | 238 | 1.613 (0.446, 5.832) | 0.4656 | |
| Never drinker | 2944 | 1.043 (0.734, 1.481) | 0.8139 | |
| Not recorded | 29,142 | 1.165 (1.055, 1.287) | 0.0026 | |
Note 1: Above models adjusted for age, gender, BMI, FPG, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, ALT, AST, BUN, eGFR, family history of diabetes, smoking and drinking status
Note 2: In each case, the model is not adjusted for the stratification variable
BMI Body mass index, FPG Fasting plasma glucose, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, BUN Serum urea nitrogen, ALT Alanine aminotransferase, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, TC Total cholesterol, TG, Triglyceride, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C Low-density lipid cholesterol, HR Hazard ratios, CI Confidence interval