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Overview of the Ubiquitin system. Ubiquitin is initiate through the thioester bond with E1 in the ATP-depend manner. The activated ubiquitin then be transferred to the E2. E3 ligases recognize and transfer the ubiquitin to substrate. The ubiquitin chains lead to several ending, including proteasome-mediated degradation, ubiquitination signals transduction, autophagy, DNA remolding and repair, Protein identification, and endocytosis.
