Table 1.

Summary of exosome isolation and analysis strategies.

Isolation methods	Isolation mechanisms	Exosome characterization methods
Biological properties (e.g., antibodies, lipids) Physical properties (e.g., size)	• Passive micro- and nanostructures • Immunomagnetic particles • Acoustofluidics • Electrokinetics • Optofluidics	• Physical properties (e.g., size):  ◦Nanoparticle tracking analysis  ◦ Electron microscopy • Chemical properties (e.g., proteins):  ◦ Bradford assay  ◦ Western blot  ◦ Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay  ◦ Polymerase chain reaction