TABLE 1.
Demographics of sample by patients who took antibiotics for current complaint
| Self‐prescribed antibiotic use in the past 6 months | Self‐prescribed antibiotic use for current complaint | Any self‐prescribed antibiotic use (past 6 months or for current complaint) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 1421 | Total Samplen = 150n (%) | Yesn = 697 | Non = 724 | P value | Yesn = 653 | Non = 768 | P value | Yesn = 856 | Non = 565 | P value |
| Mean age (SD) | 43.9 (17.0) | 43.8 (16.9) | 44.0 (17.2) | 0.840 | 43.1 (16.7) | 44.6 17.3) | 0.115 | 43.5 (16.6) | 44.5 (17.6) | 0.288 |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 782 (55.0) | 391 (56.1) | 391 (54.0) | 0.428 | 382 (58.5) | 400 (52.1) | 0.015 | 487 (56.9) | 295 (52.2) | 0.083 |
| Education | ||||||||||
| High school graduate or less | 461 (32.4) | 194 (27.8) | 267 (36.9) | <0.001 | 168 (25.7) | 293 (38.2) | <0.001 | 245 (28.6) | 216 (38.2) | <0.001 |
| Some college or more | 933 (65.7) | 491 (70.4) | 442 (61.1) | <0.001 | 482 (73.8) | 451 (58.7) | <0.001 | 599 (70.0) | 334 (59.1) | <0.001 |
| Unknown/no answer | 19 (1.3) | 10 (1.4) | 9 (1.2) | 0.753 | 2 (0.3) | 17 (2.2) | 0.002 | 10 (1.1) | 9 (1.6) | 0.496 |
| Regular doctor/health professional | ||||||||||
| Yes | 739 (52.0) | 362 (51.9) | 377 (52.1) | 0.959 | 342 (52.4) | 397 (51.7) | 0.798 | 453 (49.6) | 286 (50.6) | 0.396 |
| Insurance | ||||||||||
| Insurance covers prescriptions | 585 (41.2) | 284 (40.8) | 301 (41.6) | 0.751 | 267 (40.9) | 318 (41.4) | 0.843 | 359 (41.9) | 497 (58.1) | 0.468 |
| Insurance but does not cover prescriptions | 638 (44.9) | 306 (43.9) | 332 (45.9) | 0.460 | 287 (44.0) | 351 (45.7) | 0.509 | 368 (43.0) | 270 (47.8) | 0.075 |
| No insurance | 171 (12.0) | 95 (13.6) | 76 (10.5) | 0.070 | 96 (14.7) | 75 (9.8) | 0.004 | 117 (13.7) | 54 (9.6) | 0.020 |
| Unknown | 27 (1.9) | 12 (1.7) | 15 (2.1) | 0.629 | 3 (0.5) | 24 (3.1) | <0.001 | 12 (1.4) | 15 (2.7) | 0.090 |
| Source of care when sick | ||||||||||
| Doctor's office | 436 (30.7) | 190 (27.3) | 246 (34.0) | 0.006 | 184 (28.2) | 252 (32.8) | 0.059 | 240 (28.0) | 196 (34.7) | 0.396 |
| Pharmacy | 227 (16.0) | 120 (17.2) | 107 (14.8) | 0.210 | 127 (19.4) | 100 (13.0) | <0.001 | 165 (19.3) | 62 (11.0) | <0.001 |
| ED | 211 (14.9) | 124 (17.8) | 87 (12.0) | 0.002 | 108 (16.5) | 103 (13.4) | 0.099 | 148 (17.3) | 63 (11.2) | 0.001 |
| OPD (urgent care) | 321 (22.6) | 156 (22.4) | 165 (22.8) | 0.854 | 146 (22.4) | 175 (22.8) | 0.848 | 178 (20.8) | 143 (25.3) | 0.046 |
| Ayurvedic | 60 (4.2) | 32 (4.6) | 28 (3.9) | 0.498 | 29 (4.4) | 31 (4.0) | 0.706 | 40 (4.7) | 20 (3.5) | 0.299 |
| No one | 146 (10.3) | 67 (9.6) | 16 (16.2) | 0.667 | 51 (7.8) | 95 (12.3) | 0.027 | 76 (8.9) | 70 (12.4) | 0.033 |
| Unknown | 19 (1.4) | 10 (1.4) | 9 (1.2) | 0.415 | 8 (1.2) | 12 (1.6) | 0.591 | 7 (0.8) | 5 (0.9) | 0.892 |
| Any chronic disease | 816 (57.4) | 424 (60.8) | 392 (54.1) | 0.011 | 407 (62.3) | 409 (53.3) | <0.001 | 514 (60.0) | 302 (53..4) | 0.014 |
| State | ||||||||||
| Delhi | 522 (36.7) | 339 (48.6) | 183 (25.3) | <0.001 | 321 (49.2) | 201 (26.2) | <0.001 | 417 (48.7) | 105 (18.6) | <0.001 |
| Kerala | 599 (42.2) | 227 (32.5) | 372 (51.4) | <0.001 | 204 (31.2) | 395 (51.4) | <0.001 | 246 (28.7) | 353 (62.5) | <0.001 |
| Tamil Nadu | 300 (21.1) | 131 (18.8) | 169 (23.3) | 0.06 | 128 (19.6) | 172 (22.4) | 0.199 | 193 (22.5) | 107 (18.9) | 0.103 |
OPD, outpatient department.