TABLE 2.
Multivariate analysis, self‐prescribed antibiotic use, (OR, 95% CI)a
| Self‐prescribed antibiotic use in the past 6 months | Self‐prescribed antibiotic use for current complaint | Any self‐prescribed antibiotic use(past 6 months or for current complaint) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Male | 1.06 (0.85–1.32) | 1.23 (0.98–1.55) | 1.14 (0.90–1.44) |
| Education | |||
| Less than college degree | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| College degree or more | 1.66 (1.26–2.19) | 2.07 (1.56–2.74) | 1.98 (1.47–2.67) |
| Regular doctor/health professional | |||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.93 (0.74–1.17) | 0.87 (0.68–1.10) | 0.93 (0.72–1.20) |
| Insurance | |||
| Insurance but does not cover prescriptions | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Insurance covers prescriptions | 1.18 (0.91–1.53) | 1.22 (0.94–1.59) | 1.38 (1.04–1.81) |
| No insurance | 1.24 (0.86–1.79) | 1.43 (0.98–2.07) | 1.60 (1.06–2.42) |
| Source of care when sick | |||
| Doctor's office | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ED/OPD | 1.46 (1.12–1.92) | 1.30 (0.99–1.72) | 1.45 (1.09–1.94) |
| Pharmacy | 1.19 (0.84–1.68) | 1.47 (1.02–2.10) | 1.42 (0.96–2.09) |
| No one | 1.43 (0.95–2.16) | 0.90 (0.58–1.37) | 1.27 (0.83–1.95) |
| Ayurvedic/other | 1.88 (1.10–3.20) | 1.87 (1.09–3.21) | 2.26 (1.27–4.03) |
| Chronic disease | |||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Any chronic disease | 1.28 (0.99–1.66) | 1.64 (1.25–2.13) | 1.41 (1.06–1.87) |
| State | |||
| Delhi | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Kerala | 0.14 (0.09–0.23) | 0.15 (0.09–0.25) | 0.06 (0.04–0.11) |
| Tamil Nadu | 0.16 (0.09–0.32) | 0.19 (0.10–0.38) | 0.14 (0.07–0.28) |
a
Controlled for site of enrollment.
ED, emergency department; OPD, outpatient department.