Table 1.
Stimuli-responsive peptide-functionalized liposomal formulations entrapping anticancer agents for targeted therapy of cancer
| Surface attached peptide | Anticancer agent | Liposome formulation | Targeted cancer type | Peptide Target site/ Action | Size (nm) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CPP: H7K(R2)2 | DOX | DSPE-PEG-NHS | Brain (in vitro and in vivo) | Cell penetrating and pH responsive peptide targeting glioma tumor cells | 92.19 | [87] |
| CPP: GGRRRRRRRRR-amide | DOX | SPC-STR-EDCl-NHS-mPEG2000-hydrazone-stearate | Breast cancer (in vitro and in vivo) | CPP-facilitated delivery of anticancer agent in breast cancer. | 121.25 | [94] |
| Print3G | Calcein | DOPE:CHEMS:CHO L:PEG750-DSPE (43:21:30:6) |
Breast cancer (in vitro) | Antagonist of an oncoprotein involved in breast cancer growth and invasion | 162.6 163.8 | [120] |
| CPP: [D]-H6L9 | PTX | DSPE-PEG2000 | Breast cancer | Integrin αvβ3 targeting by peptide and drug release by local hyperthermia | 130–135 | [95] |
| D[KLAKLAK]2 (KLA) | PTX | SPC:CHOL:PTX = 10:1:1 SPC:DKD:CHOL:PTX = 8:2:1:1 | Lung cancer | Initiates apoptotic cell death | 132 | [121] |
| ELAAWCRWGFLL ALLPPGIAGGGC | Vaccine | DMPC:DMPG:Chol: DOPE | Breast cancer | Activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) | 126–142 | [122] |
| CGKRKD(KLAKLAK)2 | DTX | PBAE-PEG | Breast cancer (in vitro) | Angiogenic blood vessels in tumors | 117 | [96] |
| TDSILRSYDWTY TDSILRSYDGGG | DOX | NHS-PEG-DSPE | Lung metastasis | Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells | 65–75 | [123] |
| H peptide RF peptide K peptide | miR-200 Irinotecan | DSPE:PEG | Colorectal cancer | Tumor neovasculature undergoing angiogenesis, and one mitochondria-targeting peptide | 147–174 | [124] |
| KSSPHSRN(SG)5RG DSP | Calcein | DOPE:CHEMS:DSPE-PEG2000 | Colon cancer | Cell-adhesion domain of fibronectin, specifically integrin α5β1 receptor | 98.36 | [125] |
| NGR | DOX | DPPC:MSPC:DSPE-PEG2000-NGR:DiO:: 85.2:9.7:5:0.1 | Breast cancer and metastasis | CD13/ aminopeptidase N | 107.8 | [126] |
| CPP: CRGDRGPDC [iRGD] | DOX | DSPE-PEG2000:MPPC:DPPC | Liver cancer | αvβ3 integrins and neuropilin-1 | 84 | [127] |
| CPP: CKRRMKWKK | siRNA | DPPC:MSPC:DSPE-PEG2000:: 87:3:10 | Breast cancer (in vitro and in vivo) | CPP-facilitated delivery of anticancer agent | 90 | [128] |
| Cyclic RGD | DOX | DSPC/DPPC:DSPE-PEG (or DSPE-PEG-cRGD):cholesterol:E LP = 55:2:10:0.55 | Breast cancer (in vitro and in vivo distribution) | αvβ3 integrin | 181 | [129] |
| CPP: CKRRMKWKK | DOX | DPPC: MSPC: (DSPE-PEG2000-NGR or DSPE-PEG2000) :: 87:3:10 | Fibrosarcoma (in vitro and in vivo study) | CPP-facilitated delivery of anticancer agent | 82–89 | [130] |
| CREKA | DOX | DPPC, MSPC, DSPE-PEG, and DSPE-PEG-CREKA (86:10:2:2 molar ratio) | Breast cancer | Targeted clotted plasma proteins in tumor vessels and temperature triggered release of DOX | 83.8 | [131] |
| CCRGDKGPDC | DOX | DSPE-PEG2000-maleimide | Breast tumor model | αvβ3 integrin | 94.2 | [132] |
| CPP: CGRRMKWKK | Campothecin | DSPE-PEG2000, DSPC and DPPC (molar ratio of 10:10:90) | Cervical cancer (in vitro and in vivo | CPP-facilitated and ultrasound triggered delivery of anticancer agent | 189–190 | [103] |
| CPP: CKRRMKWKK NGR: CYGGRGNG | DOX | DSPE-PEG2000-NGR | Breast cancer (in vitro and in vivo) | CPP-facilitated delivery of anticancer agent | 195–202 | [104] |
| AG73: CGGRKRLQVQLSIRT | DOX | DSPC and DSPE-PEG2000-OMe | Colon cancer cells in-vitro study | Syndecan-2 targeting combined with ultrasound trigger release | 130–170 | [133] |
| Elastin like polypeptide | DOX | DPPC:DSPE-PEG-2000:cholesterol:SA-ELP3-NH2 = 55:2:15:0.4125 | Squamous cell carcinoma (in vitro and in vivo) | Facilitated stimuli-responsive release of anticancer agents | 161.8 | [134] |
| CPP: CKRRMKWKK | siRNA | DSPC and DPPC | In vivo distribution and cellular uptake in human breast adenocarcino ma cells | CPP-facilitated delivery of anticancer agent | 201 | [135] |
| CPP: CKRRMKWKK (derived from Penetratin) | DOX | DPPC:MSPC:DSPE-PEG2000 (87:3:10) Fe3O4 | Breast cancer (in vitro and in vivo study) | CPP facilitated magnetic hyperthermia-triggered release of DOX | 90–100 | [136] |
| CPP: R8 | PTX | Cholesterol:SPC: DSPE-PEG2K-R8(35:65:0.8) | Breast cancer (in vitro and in vivo study | CPP facilitated and pH sensitive release of PTX | 120 | [137] |
| PEGylated cleavable lipopeptide (PCL) H-G-Trp(Boc)-I-P-V-Ser(tBu)-L-Arg-(Pbf)-Ser(tBu)-G-Glu(tBu)-Glu(tBu)-Glu(tBu)-Glu(tBu)PEG2000 | DOX | POPC:Cholestrol:PCL (60:35:5) | Prostate adenocarcino ma (in vitro and in vivo) | MMP enzyme facilitated cleavage and ultrasound triggered release of DOX | 127 | [138] |
Abbreviations: CPP, cell penetrating peptide; Chol, cholesterol; CHEMS, cholesteryl hemisuccinate; DSPE-PEG2000, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[poly(ethylene glycol) 2000]; DOX, doxorubicin; DTX, docetaxel; DPPG-Na, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol; DPPC, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine; DOPE, Dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine; DSPC, distearoylphosphatidylcholine; DSPE-PEG2000-OMe, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] EDCI, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride; mPEG2000-hydrazone-stearate (mPEG2000-Hz-stearate); HSPC, hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine; MSPC, 1-myristoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; MPPC, 1-myristoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; DSPE-PEG-NHS, 3-(N-succinimidyloxyglutaryl)aminopropyl; PBAE-PEG, poly(beta-amino ester) poly(ethylene glycol); PTX, paclitaxel; STR, stearate; SPC, soy phospholipids.