Table 1.

Qualitative description of the included studies

Name of author	Country	Population	Intervention	Follow-up	Comparison	Outcomes
Strub et al. 1979	Switzerland	Patients 8 Age 28 − 55 years Gender 5 M, 3F Bony defects 47 Defect Type 1-, 2-, 3-Wall defects or horizontal bone loss Pre-surgical Preparation OHI* SRP* Occlusal adjustment Splinting Re-evaluation after 4–6 weeks Antibiotic use 4 million IU oral penicillin 1 day pre-surgery	TCP* Form TCP was mixed with sterile distilled water (38.5% powder to 61.5% water) to form a paste	12 months	Frozen allogenic graft	Primary outcomes PD* reduction (TCP): 1.8 mm (allograft): 2.0 mm Re-entry BF* (TCP): 1.2 mm (Allograft): 1.5 mm Secondary outcomes Radiographic BF (TCP): 1.05 mm (Allograft): 0.9 mm Residual pocket deeper than 3 mm (TCP) 38% (Allograft): 22%
Snyder AJ et al., 1984	USA	Patients 10 Age Unknown Gender Unknown Bony defects 10 Defect type 1- or 2-wall, furcation areas Pre-surgical preparation Initial-phase therapy Occlusal analysis Antibiotics Tetracycline 250 mg tablets, q.i.d 10 days post-surgery	TCP Form Die-pressed to form discs 2 inches in diameter × 1/8-inch thick and fired at 2000°F for 2 h. The discs were then crushed in an alumina mortar and pestle, with the resulting powder being sieved to recover the 200/ + 325 mesh size fraction	18 months	None	Primary outcomes PD reduction 3.6 mm CAL* gain 1.2 mm Re-entry BF 2.8 mm
Zefiropoulos GG et al., 2007	Germany	Patients 64 Age 30 − 71 years Gender 31 M, 34 F Smoking status 28 S*, 37 NS* Bony defects 93 Defect type 2 or 3 walls Pre-surgical Preparation Non-surgical therapy Re-evaluation Antibiotics Diclofenac 100 mg per day for 4 days, started 1 day pre-surgery	HA/b-TCP + ASB *	12 months	ASB* ASB + BDX*	Primary outcomes CAL gain (HA/b-TCP + ASB): 3.2 mm (ASB): 3.4 mm (BDX): 3.2 mm Re-entry BF (HA/b-TCP + ASB): 1.6 mm (ASB): 2.8 mm (BDX): 1.5 mm Secondary outcomes BOP* reduction (HA/b-TCP + ASB): 13.8% (ASB): 14.7% (BDX): 20.0% PLI*reduction (HA/b-TCP + ASB): 27.6% (ASB): 26.5% (BDX): 30.0% RBG*percentage (HA/b-TCP + ASB): 82.3% (ASB): 69.3% (BDX): 83.3%
Rajesh JB et al., 2009	India	Patients 60 Age 20 − 45 years Gender Not mentioned Bony defects 60 Defect types 2 or 3 walls Pre-surgical preparation OHI* SRP* Occlusal adjustment Re-evaluation after 4 weeks Antibiotics Doxycycline 100 mg, BID for the 1st day followed by 100 mg OD for 5 days	CPC Form Chitra Calcium Phosphate Cement in the form cement	12 months	Debridement only (Deb) Hydroxyapatite cement granules (HA)	Primary outcomes PD reduction (CPC): 6.20 mm (HA): 4.05 mm (Deb): 2.95 mm CAL gain (CPC): 5.80 mm (HA): 3.55 mm (Deb): 2.30 mm Secondary outcome GR* reduction (CPC): 0.15 mm (HA): 0.15 mm (Deb): 0.20 mm
Sukumar S et al., 2010	Czech Republic	Patients 21 Age 21–53 years Gender 8 M, 13 F Smoking status 7 S, 14 NS Bony defects 39 Defect Types 2 or 3 walls Pre-surgical preparation OHI* SRP* Elimination of local factors Occlusal adjustment Re-evaluation after 2 weeks Antibiotics Amoxicillin 250 mg with clavulanic acid 125 mg or clarithromycin 500 mg) were prescribed to the patients for 7–14 days	TCP/CaSO4* Form Composite material consisting of beta-tricalcium phosphate + calcium sulfate	12 months	None	Primary outcomes PD reduction (TCP/CaSO4): 1.98 mm CAL gain (TCP/CaSO4): 1.68 mm Secondary outcomes GR reduction: (TCP/CaSO4): 0.31 mm

OHI: oral hygiene instruction; SRP: scaling and root planing; TCP: tricalcium phosphate; PD: pocket depth; BF: bone fill; CAL: clinical attachment level; S: smoker; NS: non-smoker; HA: hydroxyapatite; ASB: autogenous spongiosa; BDX: bovine-derived xenograft; BOP: bleeding on probing; PLI: plaque index by Silness and Loe; CPC: cetyl pyridinium chloride; GR: gingival recession; CaSO₄: calcium sulfate