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Effects of Ito on action potential duration (APD) dynamics in a single Luo and Rudy (LRd) cell. A: bifurcation diagram showing APD vs. α(Gto) for pacing cycle length (PCL) = 500 ms. For each α(Gto) value, 100 APDs were plotted. B: region of APD instability for different Gto and PCL. The black region is the unstable region in which APD varies from beat to beat, including APD alternans and chaos.
