Table 1.
Adolescent health measurement areas with summarized inputs from youth representatives, countries, adolescent disease burden and measurement initiatives, and selected core, expanded, context-specific areas.
| Adolescent health measurement area | Youth rep. Input | Country input | Disease burden | Measurement INITIATIVES | Selected area |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social, cultural, economic, educational, environmental determinants of health | |||||
| Population (total and % adolescents) | ME | ME | Core | ||
| Education level/schooling status | ME | HI | HI | Core | |
| Employment status | ME | ME | HI | ||
| Ethnicity | LO | Expanded | |||
| Income level and poverty | HI | ME | ME | Core | |
| Being part of a vulnerable group (orphaned, out-of-school, migrant, minority etc) | ME | ME | ME | Expanded | |
| Environment/pollution | HI | LO | Expanded | ||
| Disaster risk reduction | LO | ||||
| WASH (safe water source/sanitation, access to handwashing facility) | ME | LO | |||
| Child marriage | LO | ME | HI | Context-specific | |
| Child labor | LO | Context-specific | |||
| Gender | LO | ME | ME | Core | |
| Social support | HI | ME | ME | Expanded | |
| Social and cultural norms | LO | Context-specific | |||
| Health behaviours and risks | |||||
| High fasting plasma glucose | LO | ||||
| High systolic blood pressure | ME | ||||
| High LDL cholesterol | LOa | ||||
| Weight status | HI | ME | ME | HI | Core |
| Alcohol use | HI | HI | HI | HI | Core |
| Substance use (other than alcohol and tobacco) | HI | HI | HI | HI | Core |
| Tobacco use | HI | HI | ME | HI | Core |
| Gaming | LO | ||||
| Social media/internet | HI | ME | ME | Expanded | |
| Dietary behaviour | HI | ME | ME | Core | |
| Physical activity | HI | HI | HI | Core | |
| Sedentary behaviour | HI | ME | Expanded | ||
| Sleep | HI | Expanded | |||
| Bullying | LO | ME | Core | ||
| Sexual health | HI | HI | MEa | HI | Core |
| Reproductive health | HI | HI | HI | Core | |
| Contraception | HI | HI | HI | Core | |
| Menstruation | LO | LO | |||
| Policies, programmes, laws | |||||
| Adolescent health policies/plans (availability, implementation, funding, M&E) | LO | HI | Core | ||
| Adolescent health protective laws (availability, implementation, funding, M&E) | ME | Core | |||
| Adolescent health programmes (availability, implementation, funding, M&E) | LO | Expanded | |||
| Adolescents' participation in programming and planning | LO | Expanded | |||
| Systems performance and interventions | |||||
| Health service availability and access | HI | LO | ME | Core | |
| Health service quality | HI | HI | LO | Core | |
| Health service utilization and barriers | HI | ME | ME | Expanded | |
| Health check-ups | LO | ||||
| Immunization | HI | LO | ME | Core | |
| School health | ME | LO | ME | Expanded | |
| Community health | |||||
| Health education | HI | ME | HI | Expanded | |
| Training/education in adolescent health for professionals | LO | ME | |||
| Social protection | ME | LO | Context-specific | ||
| Financial protection/health expenditure | HI | ME | LO | ||
| System for monitoring and surveillance of adolescent health | LO | ME | Core | ||
| Subjective well-being | |||||
| Autonomy | LO | Expanded | |||
| Social connectedness | LO | LO | Expanded | ||
| Affect/feeling/emotion | LO | LO | |||
| Life satisfaction | LO | ||||
| Meaning/achievement | LO | ||||
| Spirituality | LO | ||||
| Health outcomes and conditions | |||||
| Mortality | |||||
| All-cause mortality | ME | HI | Core | ||
| Cause-specific mortality | HI | Core | |||
| Communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions | |||||
| HIV/AIDS | HI | HI | MEa | HI | Core |
| STIs excluding HIV/AIDS | HI | ME | Core | ||
| Tuberculosis | ME | ME | LO | ||
| Lower respiratory infections | ME | ME | ME | ||
| Diarrhoeal diseases | ME | ME | ME | ||
| Meningitis | ME | ME | MEa | ||
| Malaria | LO | LOa | LO | ||
| Worms | LO | LO | |||
| Maternal conditions | ME | ME | Expanded | ||
| Perinatal conditions | LOa | ||||
| Iron-deficiency | LO | ME | HI | ME | Context-specific |
| Vitamin A deficiency | LO | LOa | Context-specific | ||
| Noncommunicable diseases | |||||
| Leukaemia | HI | HI | HI | LO | |
| Brain and nervous system cancers | HI | HI | LOa | LO | |
| Cardiovascular diseases | HI | HI | LO | ||
| Diabetes | HI | HI | LO | Expanded | |
| Cirrhosis of the liver | LOa | ||||
| Sickle cell disorders and trait | LOa | ||||
| Congenital anomalies | LO | ME | |||
| Self-harm | HI | HI | HI | ME | Core |
| Anxiety disorders | HI | HI | HI | LO | Core |
| Depressive disorders | HI | HI | HI | ME | Core |
| Childhood behavioural disorders | HI | HI | HI | LO | |
| Autism and Asperger syndrome | LO | ||||
| Stress/pressure | LO | LO | |||
| Eye diseases and disorders | HI | LOa | LO | ||
| Ear diseases and disorders | HI | LO | |||
| Oral conditions | LO | LO | LO | ||
| Asthma | LO | LO | ME | Expanded | |
| Allergies | ME | ||||
| Skin diseases | HI | HI | |||
| Migraine | LO | HI | |||
| Back or neck pain | ME | ||||
| Disability | ME | LO | Core | ||
| Multi-morbidity | LO | ||||
| Injuries (Unintentional and intentional) | |||||
| Road injury | ME | HI | HI | HI | Core |
| Drowning | ME | LO | HI | HI | Expanded |
| Collective violence and legal intervention | HI | HI | MEa | Expanded | |
| Interpersonal violence | HI | HI | HI | HI | Core |
| Sexual violence | HI | HI | HI | Core | |
| Gender-based violence | HI | HI | Core | ||
| Other health-related outcomes and conditions | |||||
| Adolescent fertility | ME | HI | Core | ||
| Female genital mutilation/cutting | LO | LO | ME | ||
“HI”, “ME”, and “LO” represent high, medium, and low frequency, as follows: (1) youth representatives input: the number responses for each area (HI ≥200; ME 100-199; LO <100); (2) country input: score based on the number of mentions across the RMNCAH Policy Survey and the rapid assessment tool (HI score >5; ME score 3-5; LO score <3); (3) burden: the number of inclusions in any sex/age/regional group for causes of mortality, YLDs, or risk factors (HI included in >8 groups; ME included in 4-8 groups; LO included in <4 groups); (4) measurement initiatives: the number of inclusions of an area in existing measurement initiatives (HI >3 inclusions; ME: 2-3 inclusions; LO: 1 inclusion).
a
Only included in one region.