Table 2.

Demographics, tumor characteristics, aristolochic acid exposure and TP53 mutation patterns in the hospital-based UTUC patient cohort stratified by arseniasis grading (N=89).

Arseniasis grading	Grade 0		Grade 1+2		Grade 3		P value
Patient number (%)	43	(48%)	26	(29%)	20	(23%)
Median age (years, range)	70 (41–84)		69 (35–85)		67 (49–81)		0.802
Gender							0.59
Male	18	41.9%	11	42.3%	11	55.0%
Female	25	58.1%	15	57.7%	9	45.0%
Smoking history							0.327a
Yes	6	14.0%	7	26.9%	2	10.0%
No	37	86.0%	19	73.1%	18	90.0%
CKD stage							0.989a
0–2	18	41.9%	11	42.3%	9	47.4%
3	17	39.5%	11	42.3%	7	36.8%
4	2	4.7%	2	7.7%	1	5.3%
5	6	14.0%	2	7.7%	2	10.5%
ESRD							1.0a
Yes	4	9.3%	2	7.7%	2	10.5%
No	39	90.7%	24	92.3%	17	89.5%
Tumor location
Renal pelvis	33	76.7%	21	80.8%	14	70.0%	0.693
Upper ureter	9	20.9%	2	7.7%	5	25.0%	0.249a
Lower ureter	11	25.6%	9	34.6%	3	15.0%	0.340a
Synchronous bladder cancer	9	20.9%	6	23.1%	4	20.0%	1.0a
Multiple tumor location	14	32.6%	7	26.9%	9	45.0%	0.427
Grade							0.782a
High	36	83.7%	23	88.5%	18	90.0%
Low	7	16.3%	3	11.5%	2	10.0%
Stage							0.342a
Ta-1N0M0	22	51.2%	10	38.5%	11	55.0%
T2–4N0M0	13	30.2%	14	53.8%	7	35.0%
Nodal or metastatic	8	18.6%	2	7.7%	2	10.0%
AL-DNA adduct							0.341a
Yes	42	97.7%	25	96.2%	18	90.0%
No	1	2.3%	1	3.8%	2	10.0%
TP53 mutation pattern							0.557a
Wild type	20	50.0%	10	40.0%	11	61.1%
A>T transversion	11	27.5%	11	44.0%	4	22.2%
Mutations other than A>T	9	22.5%	4	16.0%	3	16.7%

CKD, chronic kidney disease; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; AL-DNA, aristolactam-DNA;

^aFisher’s exact test