Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population
| Variable | Proportion OR mean (SD) n=259 | Range or (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 57.10 (18.01) | 14-97 |
| Male | 66.79% | 61.39-72.95% |
| Weight (kg) | 73 (17.92) | 27.00-132.00 |
| Height (cm) | 161.3 (10.29) | 120-184 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.32 (8.03) | 14.18 -58.67 |
| Comorbidities | 83.17% | 78.37-88.10% |
| Hypertension | 48.94% | 42.11-56.64% |
| Diabetes | 43.68% | 36.84-51.23% |
| Ischemic heart disease | 24.08% | 18.32-30.23% |
| Chronic liver disease | 18.78% | 13.71-24.23% |
| HCV positive | 8.47% | 5.29-12.55% |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 7.61% | 4.35-11.32% |
| Malignancy | 5.98% | 3.26-9.40% |
| COPD | 3.80% | 1.63-6.44% |
| Smokers | 10.34% | 6.90-14.67% |
| Exsmokers | 3.16% | 1.05-5.28% |
| Alcohol consumption | 2.46% | 0.99-4.60% |
| Medications used | ||
| Aspirin | 39.90% | 33.16-47.20% |
| NSAIDs | 13.66% | 9.29-18.67% |
| Clopidogrel | 12.02% | 7.65-16.43% |
| Warfarin | 8.70% | 5.43-12.88% |
| Steroids | 7.65% | 4.37-11.38% |
| Heparin | 3.26% | 1.09-5.45% |
| COX-2 inhibitors | 1.64% | 0.55-3.52% |
| Prior history of | ||
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 20.67% | 15.08-26.57% |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 12.57% | 8.20-17.19% |
| Esophageal varices | 9.24% | 9.43-13.10% |
| Nationality | ||
| Saudi | 89.96% | 86.87-93.70% |
| Non-Saudi | 10.03% | 6.95-13.78% |
| Presenting complaints | ||
| Melena | 66.19% | 60.00-72.90% |
| Hematemesis | 56.04% | 49.28-63.09% |
| Abdominal pain | 44.56% | 37.82-52.13% |
| Vomiting | 36.36% | 29.95-43.84% |
| Coffee-ground emesis | 31.12% | 25.00-37.97% |
| Dizziness | 19.67% | 14.21-25.32% |
| Hematochezia | 6.01% | 3.28-9.45% |
| Vital signs on presentation | ||
| Pulse (beats per min) | 90 (22.40) | 12-190 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 124 (21.31) | 76-203 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 70 (13.82) | 29-107 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 21 (2.82) | 12-33 |
| Laboratory findings on presentation | ||
| Hemoglobin on presentation (g/dL) | 10.15 (2.84) | 3.10-17.20 |
| Platelets (×109/L) | 249 (135.43) | 99-881 |
| International normalized ratio (INR) | 1.46 (1.03) | 0.83-8.00 |
| Total bilirubin (umol/L) | 20.68 (39.3) | 1-283 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (IU/L) | 61 (119) | 15-1200 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (IU/L) | 2 (453) | 5-4880 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (IU/L) | 138 (161) | 36-1456 |
| Creatinine (mmol/L) | 130 (160) | 24-1135 |
COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COX-2; cyclooxygenase-2, HCV; hepatitis C virus, NSAIDs; nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs