Table 3.

Studies that have been published in the kingdom on upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Author	Year	City	Study period	Study size	Males	Saudi nationals	Mean age (years)	Timing of endoscopy
Laajam et al.[8]	1988	Riyadh	4 years August 1982 to July 1986	424	NA	NA	NA	NA
Al-Mofarreh et al.[14]	1991	Riyadh	2 years January 1984 to December 1986	747	68.9%	100%	NA	Most of the endoscopies were done within 12 to 36 h of admission
Al-Quorain et al.[15]	1991	Al-Khobar	4 years November 1982 to October 1986	200		NA	NA	NA
Barlas[16]	1992	Almadinah	NA	462	NA	44.8%	NA	NA
Al Karawi et al.[13]	1995	Riyadh	14 years January 1980 to July 1994	1246	72.71%	Not specified	Not specified	Within 24 h of presentation
Ahmed et al.[12]	1997	Abha	2 years May 1991 to 1993	240	68.8%	Not specified	44.3±18.1	Within 24 h of admission.
Alam[9]	2000	Riyadh	2 years May 1996 to April 1998	564	82%	54%	52.46±17.8	Within 24 h in most and within 48 h in all
Sibiany[10]	2013	Jeddah	7 years (not further specified)	1149	76.5%	38.6%	49.74±1	NA
Masoodi et al.[11]	2019	Taif	3 years January 2015 to December 2017	120	63.3%	74%	58.4±18.7	- Immediately after admission (25%) - Within 6 h (11.7%) - Within 24 h (63.4%)
Alruzug et al.	2020	Riyadh	13 years January 2004 to December 2016	2075	67.9%	100%	56.8	NA
Almadi et al.	2020	Riyadh	9 years January 2006 to January 2015	259	66.8%	90%	57.1±18.0	Within 24 h of presentation