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. 2021 Apr 19;44(3):634–641. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab120

Table 2.

Logistic regression analysis of experience of food insecurity by socio-demographic variables

95% Confidence interval
Variable P value Odds ratio Lower Upper
Age (reference 65+) 0.010
 18–24 0.039 2.453 1.047 5.747
 25–34 0.010 2.801 1.284 6.111
 35–44 0.000 3.517 1.797 6.885
 45–54 0.003 2.350 1.348 4.095
 55–59 0.019 2.113 1.134 3.938
 60–64 0.168 1.572 0.826 2.993
Lifestage (reference Post-family) 0.672
 Single 0.594 1.226 0.580 2.590
 Pre-family 0.773 0.881 0.371 2.093
 Family 0.774 0.920 0.522 1.621
Education (reference GCSE/O-level/CSE) 0.857
 Vocational Qualifications (NVQ1 + 2) 0.699 0.902 0.533 1.525
 A-level/equivalent (NVQ3) 0.333 0.805 0.519 1.249
 Bachelor degree/equivalent (NVQ4) 0.093 0.652 0.396 1.075
 Masters/PhD/equivalent 0.279 0.674 0.330 1.377
 Other 0.475 0.796 0.425 1.490
 No formal qualifications 0.426 0.817 0.497 1.343
 Still studying 0.829 0.908 0.379 2.179
 Do not know 0.334 0.349 0.041 2.955
Rurality (reference Metropolitan) 0.563
 Rural 0.250 1.404 0.787 2.502
 Suburban 0.840 1.052 0.644 1.720
 Urban 0.360 1.251 0.775 2.018
Social grade (reference A) 0.096
 B 0.473 0.679 0.236 1.953
 C1 0.916 0.946 0.340 2.636
 C2 0.633 0.772 0.266 2.239
 D 0.873 0.916 0.311 2.697
 E 0.467 1.494 0.506 4.406
Home tenure (owned/rented) 0.000 2.337 1.654 3.304
Income (reference  4499) 0.000
 4500–6499 0.021 2.864 1.169 7.016
 6500–7499 0.117 2.142 0.826 5.557
 7500–9499 0.080 2.105 0.914 4.845
 9500–11 499 0.755 0.863 0.343 2.170
 11 500– 13 499 0.309 1.578 0.655 3.799
 13 500– 15 499 0.370 1.557 0.591 4.103
 15 500– 17 499 0.854 1.094 0.420 2.852
 17 500—24 999 0.805 0.905 0.407 2.009
 25 000– 29 999 0.898 0.948 0.418 2.148
 30 000– 30 999 0.448 0.731 0.325 1.645
 40 000– 49 999 0.011 0.178 0.047 0.677
 50 000– 74 999 0.022 0.300 0.107 0.842
 75 000– 99 999 0.140 0.356 0.090 1.404
 More than 100 000 0.063 0.219 0.044 1.085
 Do not know 0.950 1.023 0.510 2.051
 Refused 0.978 1.010 0.491 2.079
Gender (male/female) 0.743 0.954 0.719 1.266
Distance from coast (reference 20 km) 0.119
1 km 0.140 0.521 0.219 1.238
 1–5 km 0.160 0.686 0.406 1.161
 6–10 km 0.266 1.388 0.779 2.474
 11–20 km 0.163 0.674 -.387 1.174
Region (reference Yorks & Humber) 0.799
 East Midlands 0.725 1.132 0.568 2.257
 Eastern 0.446 1.291 0.670 2.486
 London 0.712 1.134 0.583 2.206
 North East 0.329 0.599 0.214 1.676
 North West 0.762 0.895 0.435 1.839
 Scotland 0.904 1.046 0.502 2.180
 South East 0.695 1.149 0.574 2.299
 South West 0.460 1.348 0.611 2.974
 Wales 0.220 1.722 0.723 4.104
 West Midlands 0.671 1.156 0.592 2.257
Ethnic origin (White/non-White) 0.780 0.942 0.621 1.430