Table 1.
Coronaviruses, Their Natural Hosts, and Diseasesa
| Virus Name | Genus | Host | Disease |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alpaca coronavirus | Betacoronavirus | Alpaca | Gastroenteritis |
| Alpaca respiratory coronavirus | Alphacoronavirus | Alpaca | Mild respiratory |
| Bat coronaviruses (many) | Alphacoronavirus | Bat | Subclinical |
| Bat coronaviruses (many) | Betacoronavirus | Bat | Subclinical |
| Dromedary camel alphacoronavirus | Alphacoronavirus | Camel | Mild respiratory |
| Dromedary camel coronavirus HKU23 | Betacoronavirus | Camel | Gastroenteritis |
| Feline coronavirus | Alphacoronavirus | Cat | Enteritis |
| Feline infectious peritonitis virus | Alphacoronavirus | Cat | Peritonitis |
| Bovine coronavirus | Betacoronavirus | Cow | Severe enteritis, respiratory (shipping fever) |
| Infectious bronchitis virus | Gammacoronavirus | Chicken | Bronchitis, nephritis, reproductive failure |
| Canine coronavirus | Alphacoronavirus | Dog | Enteritis |
| Canine respiratory coronavirus | Betacoronavirus | Dog | Mild respiratory |
| Ferret coronavirus | Alphacoronavirus | Ferret | Enteritis |
| Ferret systemic coronavirus | Alphacoronavirus | Ferret | Peritonitis, perivasculitis |
| Equine coronavirus | Betacoronavirus | Horse | Gastroenteritis |
| Human coronaviruses 229E and NL63 | Alphacoronavirus | Human | Mild respiratory |
| Human coronaviruses OC43 and HKU1 | Betacoronavirus | Human | Mild respiratory |
| Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | Betacoronavirus | Human | Mild to severe pneumonia |
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | Betacoronavirus | Human | Severe pneumonia |
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 | Betacoronavirus | Human | Severe pneumonia with systemic complications |
| Mink coronavirus | Alphacoronavirus | Mink | Enteritis |
| Mouse hepatitis virus | Betacoronavirus | Mouse | Enteritis, hepatitis, encephalitis |
| Porcine deltacoronavirus | Deltacoronavirus | Pig | Acute gastroenteritis |
| Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus | Alphacoronavirus | Pig | Acute gastroenteritis |
| Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus | Betacoronavirus | Pig | Vomiting, wasting, encephalomyelitis |
| Porcine respiratory virus | Alphacoronavirus | Pig | Mild respiratory |
| Swine acute diarrhea syndrome virus | Alphacoronavirus | Pig | Acute gastroenteritis |
| Transmissible gastroenteritis virus | Alphacoronavirus | Pig | Acute gastroenteritis |
| Rat coronavirus | Betacoronavirus | Rat | Sialodacryoadenitis, mild respiratory |
| Turkey coronavirus | Gammacoronavirus | Turkey | Enteritis |
aAdapted from Decaro and Lorusso.3