Table 2.
Serology Test Result According to Adherence to Measures Aimed at Decreasing Transmission, Contacts With Other People, and Living Conditions, Stratified by Type of Participant (Unadjusted Results)
| Household Members (n = 302) | Close Contacts Outside the Household (n = 69) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) Seropositive | Unadjusted OR [95% CI] | P Value | No. (%) Seropositive | Unadjusted OR [95% CI] | P Value | |
| Respect of measures and contacts with other people | ||||||
| Respect of simple hygiene rules (washing hands regularly, sneezing into the elbow, etc.) | .123 | .272 | ||||
| Yes | 114/215 (53.0) | Reference | 8/56 (14.3) | Reference | ||
| Rather yes | 40/74 (54.1) | 1.46 [0.97–2.20] | 4/13 (30.8) | 2.22 [0.54–9.21] | ||
| Rather no or no | 4/9 (44.4) | 2.08 [0.63–6.87] | No participant | ·· | ||
| Respect of social distancing rules (physical distancing, avoid shaking hands or kissing, etc.) | .868 | .114 | ||||
| Yes | 87/157 (55.4) | Reference | 7/53 (13.2) | Reference | ||
| Rather yes | 56/105 (53.3) | 0.99 [0.64–1.52] | 5/15 (33.3) | 2.94 [0.77–11.23] | ||
| Rather no or no | 15/36 (41.7) | 0.77 [0.42–1.43] | 0/1 (0.0) | ·· | ||
| Wearing a mask in public | .657 | .093 | ||||
| No | 79/163 (48.5) | Reference | 5/38 (13.2) | Reference | ||
| Yes, sometimes | 54/98 (55.1) | 1.15 [0.75–1.74] | 2/17 (11.8) | 1.06 [0.21–5.35] | ||
| Yes, always | 27/40 (67.5) | 1.31 [0.70–2.45] | 5/13 (38.5) | 4.36 [1.06–17.83] | ||
| Weekly No. of people who met outside home during the semiconfinement | .009 | .761 | ||||
| 0 | 65/100 (65.0) | Reference | 2/17 (11.8) | Reference | ||
| 1–5 | 73/140 (52.1) | 0.87 [0.53–1.43] | 6/34 (17.7) | 1.26 [0.25–6.35] | ||
| >5 | 21/61 (34.4) | 0.42 [0.22–0.78] | 4/17 (23.5) | 1.86 [0.32–10.75] | ||
| Close contact with people outside the home having symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, No. of people | .456 | .099 | ||||
| 0 | 127/233 (54.5) | Reference | 2/14 (14.3) | Reference | ||
| 1 | 17/34 (50.0) | 1.48 [0.80–2.75] | 5/42 (11.9) | 0.88 [0.15–5.01] | ||
| ≥2 | 16/35 (45.7) | 1.11 [0.63–1.96] | 5/12 (41.7) | 4.36 [0.68–27.99] | ||
| Living conditions and household characteristicsa | ||||||
| Housing typeb | .946 | |||||
| Individual house | 83/158 (52.5) | Reference | ||||
| Apartment, studio, or other | 77/144 (53.5) | 0.98 [0.54–1.79] | ||||
| No. of people in the householdb | .046 | |||||
| 2 | 39/59 (66.1) | Reference | ||||
| 3 | 31/51 (60.8) | 0.82 [0.35–1.93] | ||||
| 4 | 44/74 (59.5) | 0.78 [0.34–1.77] | ||||
| 5 | 33/68 (48.5) | 0.43 [0.17–1.06] | ||||
| ≥6 | 13/50 (26.0) | 0.19 [0.06–0.62] | ||||
| No. of habitable rooms (besides kitchen) in the dwellingc | .441 | |||||
| ≤3 | 35/54 (64.8) | Reference | ||||
| 4–6 | 96/183 (52.5) | 0.67 [0.32–1.40] | ||||
| ≥7 | 29/65 (44.6) | 0.55 [0.21–1.47] | ||||
All participants, including children and teens. Calculation of odds ratio and P value: correlation between close contacts of the same index case taken into account using GEE (exchangeable correlation structure, logit link function).
Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; GEE, generalized estimating equation; OR, odds ratio.
aNot relevant for close contacts outside the household.
bAnswer of the index case taken for all household members.
cAnswer of the index case taken for all household members, except 2 households where information from the index case was missing (mean of answers reported by other household members taken instead).