FIGURE 1:

Forest plots comparing baseline risk factors for development of early AKI. IMD (1, most deprived, as reference), obesity defined as BMI ≥30 kg/m², White ethnicity as reference, CKD defined as baseline eGFR <60 mL/min/1.72 m². CEVD, cerebral vascular disease. Age modelled per 10-year increment. Effect sizes are shown as OR with 95% CIs. This model includes 1397 patients who had complete data on all covariates with 334 AKI events.