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. 2021 Apr 22;224(1):60–69. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab167

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Plasma levels of inflammatory factors were highly elevated in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A, Scatter plots demonstrating the plasma levels of MMP-1, VEGF-A, MCP-1, MCP-2, IL-6, and IL-18 in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (n = 24), mild/moderate COVID-19 patients (n = 14), and HCs (n = 13). Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn correction for pairwise comparisons among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, mild/moderate COVID-9 patients, and HCs. *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001; ns, not significant. Lines represent the mean and the standard error of the mean. B, Spearman correlation analysis between plasma levels of MMP-1 and VEGF-A in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; HC, healthy controls; Hosp, hospitalized COVID-19 patients; IL, interleukin; MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein; Mild, mild/moderate COVID-19 patients; MMP-1, matrix metalloproteinase-1; r, Spearman correlation coefficient; VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A.