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. 2021 Apr 22;224(1):60–69. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab167

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Enzymatic activity of MMP-1 and activation markers of ECs were elevated in the peripheral blood of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A–C, Scatter plots demonstrating enzymatic activity of MMP-1, levels of EC activation markers (sCD146, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1), and levels of intestinal epithelial injury marker (I-FABP), respectively, in the peripheral blood of hospitalized COVID-19 patients (n = 24), mild/moderate COVID-19 patients (n = 14), and HCs (n = 13). Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn correction for pairwise comparisons among HC, hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and mild/moderate COVID-9 patients. *P < .05; **P < .01; ns, not significant. Lines represent the mean and the standard error of the mean. D, Spearman correlation analysis between plasma levels of MMP-1 and sCD146 in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; EC, endothelial cell; HC, healthy control; Hosp, hospitalized COVID-19 patients; I-FABP, intestinal fatty-acid binding protein; Mild, mild/moderate COVID-19 patients; MMP-1, matrix metalloproteinase-1; r, Spearman correlation coefficient; sCD146, soluble CD146; sICAM-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.