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. 2021 Apr 15;9:641852. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641852

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Copyright © 2021 Xu, Kitada, Ogura and Koya.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mechanisms of MetS-induced atherosclerosis. (A) Mechanisms of obesity-induced atherosclerosis involvement in insulin resistance, imbalanced adipokines, oxidative stress, and inflammation. (B) Mechanisms of hyperglycemia-induced atherosclerosis involvement in inflammation, insulin resistance, the activation of AGEs and oxidative stress. (C) Mechanisms of dyslipidemia-induced atherosclerosis involvement in insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress. (D) Mechanisms of hypertension-induced atherosclerosis involvement in inflammation, the renin angiotensin system and oxidative stress.