Table 1. Demographics, comorbidities, clinical data, and baseline immunosuppression in all patients and by clinical outcome at final follow-up.
| All (n = 210) | Favorable Outcome (n = 147) | Unfavorable Outcome (n = 63) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 63 (12) | 61 (11) | 65 (7) | .01 |
| Age ≥ 70 (%) | 60 (28.6) | 32 (21.8) | 28 (46.6) | .001 |
| Male sex (%) | 148 (70.5) | 104 (70.7) | 44 (69.8) | .90 |
| Organ transplant (%) | ||||
| Kidney | 108 (51.4) | 74 (50.3) | 34 (54.0) | .63 |
| Liver | 50 (23.8) | 37 (25.2) | 13 (20.6) | .48 |
| Heart | 33 (15.7) | 24 (16.3) | 9 (14.3) | .71 |
| Lung | 15 (7.1) | 9 (6.1) | 6 (9.5) | .56 |
| Kidney-pancreas | 4 (1.9) | 3 (2.0) | 1 (1.6) | 1.00 |
| Years from transplant to diagnosis, median (IQR) | 6.6 (2.8–13.1) | 7.1 (3.1–13.8) | 5.5 (1.4–11.6) | .048 |
| Comorbidities (%) | ||||
| Diabetes mellitusa | 70 (33.3) | 42 (28.6) | 28 (44.4) | .03 |
| Chronic lung diseaseb | 42 (20.0) | 27 (18.4) | 15 (23.8) | .37 |
| Chronic cardiopathyc | 54 (25.7) | 31 (21.1) | 23 (36.5) | .02 |
| Chronic kidney diseased | 74 (35.2) | 46 (31.3) | 28 (44.4) | .07 |
| Chronic liver diseasee | 29 (13.8) | 18 (12.2) | 11 (17.5) | .32 |
| Cancerf | 25 (11.9) | 15 (10.2) | 10 (15.9) | .25 |
| Morbid obesityg | 10 (4.8) | 9 (6.1) | 1 (1.6) | .16 |
| Presenting symptoms (%) | ||||
| Fever | 140 (66.7) | 101 (68.7) | 39 (61.9) | .34 |
| Rhinorrhea | 14 (6.7) | 13 (8.8) | 1 (1.6) | .10 |
| Odynophagia | 16 (7.6) | 10 (6.8) | 6 (9.5) | .69 |
| Myalgias | 54 (25.7) | 42 (28.6) | 12 (19.0) | .15 |
| Headache | 18 (8.6) | 16 (10.9) | 2 (3.2) | .07 |
| Cough | 137 (65.2) | 94 (63.9) | 43 (68.3) | .55 |
| Expectoration | 34 (16.2) | 23 (15.6) | 11 (17.5) | .74 |
| Pleuritic chest pain | 11 (5.2) | 10 (6.8) | 1 (1.6) | .22 |
| Dyspnea | 81 (38.6) | 44 (29.9) | 37 (58.7) | < .001 |
| Diarrhea | 81 (38.6) | 59 (40.1) | 22 (34.9) | .48 |
| Vomiting | 20 (9.5) | 14 (9.5) | 6 (9.5) | 1.00 |
| Impaired consciousness | 14 (6.7) | 6 (4.1) | 8 (12.7) | .046 |
| Days from symptoms onset to diagnosis, median (IQR) | 6 (3–10) | 6 (3–11) | 5 (3–8) | .64 |
| Baseline immunosuppression (%) | ||||
| Mofetil mycophenolate | 145 (69.0) | 101 (68.7) | 44 (69.8) | .87 |
| Azathioprine | 5 (2.4) | 4 (2.7) | 1 (1.6) | 1.00 |
| Ciclosporin | 18 (8.6) | 9 (6.1) | 9 (14.6) | .05 |
| Tacrolimus | 156 (74.3) | 110 (74.8) | 46 (73.0) | .78 |
| Sirolimus/everolimus | 49 (23.3) | 38 (25.9) | 11 (17.5) | .19 |
| Prednisone | 146 (69.5) | 97 (66.0) | 49 (77.8) | .09 |
aTreated with insulin or antidiabetic oral drugs, or presence of end-organ diabetes-related disease.
bIncluding chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea, and asthma.
cIncluding cardiac insufficiency, coronary heart disease, aortic aneurysm, and peripheral arterial disease.
dMild (creatinine between 1.5–2 mg/dL) or moderate/severe (creatinine > 3 mg/dL or dialysis) renal impairment.
eMild (without portal hypertension) or moderate/severe (cirrhosis, varices, encephalopathy, ascites) liver disease.
fPresence of an active solid or hematologic malignant neoplasm.
gBody mass index ≥ 40 kg/m2, or ≥ 35 kg/m2 plus experiencing obesity-related health conditions.