Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and behavioral performance information for three cases
| Case 1 | Case 2 | Case 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 18 | 28 | 20 |
| Gender | Female | Female | Male |
| Handedness | Left | Right | Right |
| Years of education | 11 years | 19 years | 13 years |
| Duration of epilepsy | 2 years | 18 years | 8 years |
| Treatment | Medicine: oxcarbazepine Surgery: radio frequency thermocoagulation through depth electrodes after SEEG monitoring |
Medicine: oxcarbazepine, levetiracetam Surgery: radio frequency thermocoagulation through depth electrodes after SEEG monitoring |
Medicine: lamotrigine, zonisamide, and lacosamide Surgery: responsive neurostimulation targeting posterior locations |
| Seizure types | Focal aware; focal aware to bilateral tonic–clonic | Focal impaired awareness; focal impaired awareness to bilateral tonic–clonic | Focal impaired awareness to bilateral tonic–clonic |
| Video-EEG results | Right frontal lobe epileptic discharges | Left frontal and anterior-middle temporal spikes and irregular slow waves | Right occipito-temporal onset seizure with right posterior slowing of ongoing rhythm |
| Behavioral results | Average city-error rate of 1.2% (range: 1–2%) and average mountains-error rate of 19% (range: 7–30%) | Average city-error rate of 1.1% (range: 1–1.2%) and average mountains-error rate of 13.3% (range: 10–18%) | Average city-error rate of 4.2% (range: 2–5%) and average mountains-error rate of 58% (range: 40–70%) |
| SEEG results | Total of 182 SEEG electrodes, 24 within the PVH tissue. Functionally active electrodes: 7 of 24 PVH, 56 of 158 non-PVH electrodes. Epileptic sites within active sites: 2 of 7 active PVH sites and 17 of 56 active non-PVH were epileptic. |
Total of 144 SEEG electrodes, 26 within the PVH tissue. Functionally active electrodes: 5 of 26 PVH, 3 of 118 non-PVH electrodes. Epileptic sites within active sites: 5 of 5 active PVH sites and 3 of 3 active non-PVH were epileptic. |
Total of 140 SEEG electrodes, 38 within the PVH tissue. Functionally active electrodes: 10 of 38 PVH, 16 of 102 non-PVH electrodes. Epileptic sites within active sites: 1 of 10 active PVH sites and 7 of 16 active non-PVH were epileptic. |
City-errors (or omission errors) are mistakes when a button press should be made but are missed; mountain-errors (or commission errors) are mistakes when a button press should be withheld but the button is pressed. Rate and range are given for the blocks done. PVH, periventricular heterotopia; EEG, electroencephalography; SEEG, stereo-EEG.