Table 3.

Changes on cardiac function and pulmonary arterial pressure evaluated by difference-in-difference (DID) analysis.

Parameters	LAAC group (n = 47)		Non-LAAC group (n = 141)		DID estimator	95% CI	P
	Baseline	End-line	Baseline	End-line
Systolic function
FS [%]	32.3 ± 7.7	31.2 ± 7.1	33.4 ± 8.2	34.3 ± 8.3	−2.0	−4.9; 0.9	0.167
EF [%]	63.1 ± 12.1	60.1 ± 11.2	64.3 ± 12.3	64.8 ± 12.2	−3.5	−7.7; 0.8	0.109
EF2C [%]	58.9 ± 10.9	56.6 ± 9.5	55.3 ± 12.4	55.8 ± 11.1	−2.9	−6.6; 0.7	0.111
EF4C [%]	56.5 ± 12.4	55.2 ± 9.9	55.2 ± 11.0	55.6 ± 10.2	−1.4	−4.8; 1.9	0.404
EFBP [%]	57.7 ± 10.8	55.8 ± 9.2	55.4 ± 11.7	55.7 ± 10.1	−2.2	−5.3; 0.9	0.164
TAPSE [mm]	11.7 ± 2.2	12.0 ± 1.7	11.9 ± 2.3	11.9 ± 2.4	+0.4	−0.7; 1.4	0.476
Diastolic function
DT [ms]	183.5 ± 73.1	181.0 ± 73.1	182.8 ± 75.3	182.7 ± 71.8	−3.79	−36.8; 29.3	0.819
E [cm/s]	85.6 ± 28.4	106.1 ± 27.3	89.5 ± 26.9	95.3 ± 28.8	+14.6	6.18; 22.9	0.002
E/e’ ratio	14.3 ± 6.9	18.4 ± 7.8	14.4 ± 7.3	16.2 ± 7.3	+2.3	0.3; 4.3	0.028
Pulmonary arterial pressure
PAPs	39.1 ± 11.0	40.1 ± 9.5	39.2 ± 10.9	40.0 ± 12.8	+0.24	−3.7; 4.2	0.903

LAAC — left atrial appendage closure; CI — confidence interval; FS — left ventricular fractional shortening; EF — left ventricular ejection fraction on M-mode; EF_2C — left ventricular ejection fraction on two chamber view; EF_4C — left ventricular ejection fraction on four chamber view; EF_BP — biplane left ventricular ejection fraction measured; TAPSE — tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; DT — deceleration time of early diastolic trans-mitral flow; E — peak velocity of early diastolic trans-mitral flow; e’ — peak velocity of early diastolic mitral annular motion; PAPs — pulmonary arterial systolic pressure