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. 2021 Jan 18;47(3):864–874. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa180
Hospital-diagnosed Cohort - Outpatient Diagnosis Requires 2 Billings in 24 Months.
N = 1,943 Total person time of follow-up Observed Deaths Crude Mortality rate per 1,000 persons/year Expected Death Count SMR (95% CI)
All-Cause Mortality 9,504 71 7.47 (5.83–9.42) 5.45 13.02 (10.17–16.23)
Sex
Female 3,337 27 8.09 (5.33–11.77) 2.16 12.5 (8.23–17.66)
Male 6,167 44 7.13 (5.18–9.58) 3.29 13.36 (9.71–17.62)
Age Category (years)
16–24 3,949 16 4.05 (2.32–6.58) 1.42 11.23 (6.42–17.47)
25–29 1,593 7 4.39 (1.77–9.05) 0.65 10.84 (4.27–20.22)
30–34 1,282 13 10.14 (5.40–17.34) 0.8 16.35 (8.62–26.28)
35–39 1,169 8 6.84 (2.95-13,48) 0.83 9.6 (4.12–17.47)
40+ 1,511 27 17.87 (11.78–26.00) 1.74 15.54 (10.22–21.92)
Cause of Death
Accidental 9,504 13 1.37 (0.73–2.34) 1.74 7.48 (3.96–12.08)
Suicide 9,504 23 2.42 (1.53–3.63) 1.21 18.97 (12.03–27.57)
Other 9,504 35 3.68 (2.57–5.12) 0.98 35.54 (24.86–48.53)
Outpatient-diagnosed Cohort - Outpatient Diagnosis Requires 2 Billings in 24 Months
N = 15,317 Total person time of follow-up Observed Deaths Crude Mortality rate per 1,000 persons/year Expected Death Count SMR (95% CI)
All-Cause Mortality 75,615 360 4.76 (4.28–5.28) 44.85 8.03 (7.22–8.88)
Sex
Female 30,594 102 3.33 (2.72–4.05) 19.59 5.21 (4.25–6.27)
Male 45,021 258 5.73 (5.05–6.47) 25.26 10.21 (9.01–11.50)
Age Category (years)
16–24 27,769 99 3.57 (2.90–4.34) 9.98 9.92 (8.06–11.97)
25–29 12,336 64 5.19 (4.00–6.63) 5.01 12.77 (9.84–16.10)
30–34 10,766 56 5.20 (3.93–6.75) 6.55 8.55 (6.46–10.94)
35–39 10,897 48 4.40 (3.25–5.84) 7.72 6.22 (4.58–8.10)
40+ 13,847 93 6.72 (5.42–8.23) 15.49 6 (4.85–7.29)
Cause of Death
Accidental 75,615 111 1.47 (1.21–1.77) 13.71 8.09 (6.66–9.67)
Suicide 75,615 112 1.48 (1.22–1.78) 9.66 11.6 (9.55–13.84)
Other 75,615 137 1.81 (1.52–2.14) 8.1 16.92 (14.20–19.86)
Hospital-diagnosed Cohort - Outpatient Diagnosis Requires 1 Billing in 12 Months
N = 1,359 Total person time of follow-up Observed Deaths Crude Mortality rate per 1,000 persons/year Expected Death Count SMR (95% CI)
All-Cause Mortality 6,664 47 7.05 (5.18–9.38) 3.83 12.26 (9.01–16.03)
Sex
Female 2,409 20 8.3 (5.07–12.82) 1.55 12.9 (7.87–19.18)
Male 4,255 27 6.35 (4.18–9.23) 2.28 11.82 (7.80–16.73)
Age Category (years)
16–24 2,695 12 4.45 (2.30–7.78) 0.97 12.33 (6.36–20.36)
25–29 1,158 <=5 4.32 (1.40–10.08) 0.47 10.64 (3.36–22.01)
30–34 904 7 7.74 (3.11–15.95) 0.56 12.61 (4.95–23.48)
35–39 830 <=5 6.02 (1.96–14.06) 0.59 8.5 (2.67–17.53)
40+ 1,077 18 16.71 (9.91–26.41) 1.23 14.61 (8.65–22.18)
Cause of Death
Accidental 6,664 7 1.05 (0.42–2.16) 1.22 5.74 (2.27–10.78)
Suicide 6,664 17 2.55 (1.49–4.08) 0.85 19.99 (11.62–30.64)
Other 6,664 23 3.45 (2.19–5.18) 0.69 33.18 (21.10–48.35)
Outpatient-diagnosed Cohort - Outpatient Diagnosis Requires 1 Billing in 12 Months
N = 28,057 Total person time of follow-up Observed Deaths Crude Mortality rate per 1,000 persons/year Expected Death Count SMR (95% CI)
All-Cause Mortality 138,596 616 4.44 (4.10–4.81) 84.21 7.31 (6.75–7.90)
Sex
Female 61,921 195 3.15 (2.72–3.62) 39.57 4.93 (4.26–5.64)
Male 76,675 421 5.49 (4.98–6.04) 44.64 9.43 (8.55–10.35)
Age Category (years)
16–24 47,084 131 2.78 (2.33–3.30) 16.89 7.76 (6.48–9.14)
25–29 22,876 97 4.24 (3.44–5.17) 9.26 10.48 (8.49–12.66)
30–34 20,445 105 5.14 (4.20–6.22) 12.44 8.44 (6.90–10.13)
35–39 20,669 97 4.69 (3.81–5.73) 14.65 6.62 (5.37–8.00)
40+ 27,522 186 6.76 (5.82–7.80) 30.82 6.04 (5.20–6.93)
Cause of Death
Accidental 138,596 181 1.31 (1.12–1.51) 17.8 9.83 (8.74–11.70)
Suicide 138,596 175 1.26 (1.08–1.46) 25.15 7.2 (5.97–8.03)
Other 138,596 260 1.88 (1.65–2.12) 15.21 17.1 (15.08–19.24)