Table 1.
General demographic and economic indicators of the 15 OSEA countries and territory participating in the ISN-GKHA survey7, 8, 9
| Country/territory | World Bank income level | Area, km2 | Total population (2018)a | GDP (PPP), $ billionb | Total health expenditures, % of GDPb | Annual cost KRTc (US$) and out-of-pocket cost/% paid by patient from total costd |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HD | PD | KT |
|||||||
| First year | Later years | ||||||||
| Global median [IQR]e | — | — | — | — | 6.5 [4.9–8.8] | 22,617 [14,882–49,690] | 20,524 [14,305–33,905] | 25,356 [15,913–43,901] | |
| OSEA median [IQR] | — | — | — | 330 [34–933] | 4.4 [3.6–5.7] | 22,601 [10,140–28,559] | 16,479 [14,339–23,464] | 20,070[6588–36,768] | 8003 [5385–16,479] |
| Australia | High | 7,741,220 | 23,470,145 | 1248 | 9.3 | 57,183/1–25 | 49,099/1–25 | 34,894/0 | 10,269/0 |
| Brunei Darussalam | High | 5756 | 450,565 | 34 | 2.3 | 20,205/0 | 23,464/0 | —/0 | —/0 |
| Cambodia | Lower-middle | 181,035 | 16,449,519 | 64 | 6.1 | 8760/100 | — | — | — |
| Fiji | Upper-middle | 18,274 | 926,276 | 9 | 3.6 | —/>75 | —/>75 | — | — |
| Indonesia | Lower-middle | 1,904,569 | 262,787,403 | 3250 | 3.3 | 10,140/26–50 | 8134/1–25 | 19,743/1–25 | 2956/1–25 |
| Lao PDR | Lower-middle | 236,800 | 7,234,171 | 49 | 2.8 | —/26–50 | — | — | — |
| Malaysia | Upper-middle | 329,847 | 31,809,660 | 933 | 4.0 | 10,386/1–25 | 9977/1–25 | 20,396/1–25 | 5385/1–25 |
| Myanmar | Lower-middle | 676,578 | 55,622,506 | 330 | 5.1 | 7169/>75 | 14,339/1–25 | 4302/26–50 | —/26–50 |
| New Caledonia | High | 18,575 | 282,754 | 11 | — | —/0 | —/0 | —/0 | —/0 |
| New Zealand | High | 268,838 | 4,545,627 | 189 | 9.3 | 41,390/1–25 | 28,788/1–25 | 38,642/1–25 | 19,117/1–25 |
| Philippines | Lower-middle | 300,000 | 105,893,381 | 877 | 4.4 | —/26–50 | —/26–50 | —/>75 | —/>75 |
| Samoa | Lower-middle | 2831 | 201,316 | 1 | 5.6 | —/1–25 | — | — | — |
| Singapore | High | 697 | 5,995,991 | 528 | 4.3 | 28,532/26–50 | 15,547/1–25 | 43,901/26–50 | 16,479/26–50 |
| Thailand | Upper-middle | 513,120 | 68,615,858 | 1236 | 3.8 | 24,996/1–25 | 23,267/0 | 8601/26–50 | 5736/26–50 |
| Vietnam | Lower-middle | 331,210 | 97,040,334 | 649 | 5.7 | 28,559/>75 | 16,479/>75 | 4575/>75 | —/>75 |
—, Data not reported/unavailable; GDP, gross domestic product; GKHA, Global Kidney Health Atlas; HD, hemodialysis; IQR, interquartile range; ISN, International Society of Nephrology; KRT, kidney replacement therapy; KT, kidney transplant; OSEA, Oceania and South East Asia; PD, peritoneal dialysis; PDR, People’s Democratic Republic; PPP, purchasing power parity.
The total Oceania and South East Asia region population in 2018 was 691,621,337 people, of which participating countries accounted for 98.5%.
Estimates are in US$ 2017.
Detailed reference list on annual cost of KRT is available in the Supplementary Appendix.
Costs are in US$ 2016.
Median and interquartile range are calculated from the participating countries in the ISN-GKHA survey only.