Table 3.

Annual cost of kidney replacement therapy^a and out-of-pocket cost (% paid by patient from total cost)^b in North and East Asia16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21

Country	HD/%	PD/%	Kidney transplantation, %		HD/PD ratio
			First year	Later years
North and East Asia median [IQR]	28,846 [21,215–43,954]	15,265 [11,661–36,717]	43,374 [25,356–50,613]	—	1.9
China	22,617/1–25	8122/1–25	25,356/1–25	—	2.8
Hong Kong (China)	35,074/1–25	15,199/1–25	—/1–25	—	2.3
Japan	52,834/1–25	58,103/1–25	43,374/1–25	22,886	0.9
South Korea	19,812/1–25	15,330/1–25	50,613/1–25	35,765	1.3
Macao (China)	—/1–25	—/1–25	—/1–25	—	—
Mongolia	—/1–25	—/1–25	—/1–25	5392	—
Taiwan (China)	—/1–25	—/1–25	—/1–25	—	—

—, Data not reported/unavailable; HD, hemodialysis; IQR, interquartile range; PD, peritoneal dialysis.

^aDetailed reference list on annual cost of KRT is available in the Supplementary Appendix.

^bCost is in $US 2016.