Table 1.
Health finance, service delivery, and workforce prevalence in ISN Middle East countries9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17
| Country | World Bank income level | Area, km2 | Total population (2018) | GDP (PPP), US$ billiona | Total health expenditures, % of GDPa | Annual cost KRTb (US$) and out-of-pocket cost/% paid by patient from total costc |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HD | PD | KT (first year) | ||||||
| Glo6bal median [IQR]d | — | — | — | — | 6.5 [4.9–8.8] | 22,617 [14,882–49,690] | 20,524 [14,305–33,905] | 25,356 [15,913–43,901] |
| Middle East median [IQR]d | 5,478,576 | 245,543,388 | 190 [74–649] | 5.2 [3.7–6.5] | 19,489 [15,860–41,535] | 16,551 [11,441–31,260] | 18,361 [17,465–26,839] | |
| Bahrain | High | 760 | 1,442,659 | 71.2 | 4.9 | 41,535 | — | 18,361 |
| Iran, Islamic Rep. | Upper-middle | 1,648,195 | 83,024,745 | 1640.0 | 7.6 | 13,619/1–25 | 13,026/1–25 | 11,129/1–25 |
| Iraq | Upper-middle | 438,317 | 40,194,216 | 649.3 | 5.5 | —/51–75 | —/26–50 | —/51–75 |
| Jordan | Upper-middle | 89,342 | 10,458,413 | 89.0 | 6.9 | 15,860/1–25 | 9855/0 | 26,839/100 |
| Kuwait | High | 17,818 | 2,916,467 | 289.7 | 4.0 | —/0 | —/0 | —/0 |
| Lebanon | Upper-middle | 10,400 | 6,100,075 | 88.3 | 7.4 | 19,489/1–25 | 20,075/1–25 | —/1–25 |
| Oman | High | 309,500 | 3,494,116 | 190.1 | 3.8 | —/1–25 | —/0 | —/0 |
| Qatar | High | 11,586 | 2,363,569 | 339.5 | 3.1 | —/1–25 | —/1–25 | —/1–25 |
| Saudi Arabia | High | 2,149,690 | 33,091,113 | 1775.0 | 5.8 | 50,739/— | 42,444/— | 113,935/100 |
| Syrian Arab Rep. | Low | 185,180 | 19,454,263 | 50.3 | 3.3 | —/1–25 | —/26–50 | —/100 |
| United Arab Emirates | High | 83,600 | 9,701,315 | 696.0 | 3.5 | 41,535/1–25 | —/0 | 18,361/100 |
| West Bank and Gaza | Lower-middle | 6220 | 4,635,207 | 21.2 | — | 17,259/0 | —/— | 17,465/0 |
| Yemen | Low | 527,968 | 28,667,230 | 73.6 | 6.0 | — | — | — |
—, Data not reported/unavailable; GDP, gross domestic product; HD, hemodialysis; IQR, interquartile range; ISN, International Society of Nephrology; KRT, kidney replacement therapy; KT, kidney transplantation; PD, peritoneal dialysis; PPP, purchasing power parity; Rep., Republic.
a
Estimates are in US$ 2017.
b
Detailed reference list on annual cost of KRT is available in the Supplementary Appendix.
c
Cost is in US$ 2016.
d
Median and interquartile range are calculated for the selected countries in the ISN Global Kidney Health Atlas survey only.