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. 2021 Apr 6;40(17):3164–3179. doi: 10.1038/s41388-021-01762-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — A Electron microscopy images of exosomes isolated from SW1990 and CFPAC-1 cells treated with or without human recombinant Periostin protein (PN). B Concentration and size analysis of SW1990-exo and CFPAC-1-exo isolated by ultracentrifugation with or without PN. C, D Concentration and diameter analysis of SW1990-exo and CFPAC-1-exo treated with or without PN. The experiment was repeated three times, and the significance was analyzed using a Student’s t test. Data are shown as mean ± SD (*P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.01 vs. control). E Western blot analysis for exosomal proteins Alix, Annexin-V, CD54, CD9, GM130, EpCAM, and Flotillin-1 treated with or without PN in SW1990 and CFPAC-1 cells. β-actin was used as a loading control. F Expression of exosomal CD54 was examined by IHC in PDAC tissues. G The EMT effect was further confirmed by western blot analysis of epithelial or mesenchymal markers in SW1990 and CFPAC-1 cells treated with or without PN. H The EMT effect was validated by immunofluorescence analysis in SW1990 cells treated with or without PN.