Table 2.
Laboratory exams and echocardiographic abnormalities of laboratory-confirmed pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with and without gastrointestinal signs/symptoms.
| Variables | With gastrointestinal signs/symptoms (n=25) | Without gastrointestinal signs/symptoms (n=58) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hematological parameters | |||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.0 (± 2.2) | 11.4 (± 2.2) | 0.44 |
| Hemoglobin < 10 g/dL | 7/24 (29) | 10/56 (18) | 0.37 |
| Leucocyte count/mm3 | 6,678 (100-25,890) | 6,795 (430-39,900) | 0.78 |
| Leucopenia < 4,000/mm3 | 4/24 (17) | 9/56 (16) | 1.0 |
| Neutrophil count/ mm3 | 4,020 (0-19,500) | 5,063 (0-27,900) | 0.42 |
| Neutropenia < 1,000/ mm3 | 3/24 (13) | 11/56 (20) | 0.54 |
| Lymphocyte count/mm3 | 1,084 (0-17,860) | 1,802 (0-13,300) | 0.14 |
| Lymphopenia < 1,500/ mm3 | 14/24 (58) | 20/56 (36) | 0.08 |
| Thrombocyte count/mm3 | 219,416.7 (± 141,953.0) | 234,535.7 (± 142,177.8) | 0.66 |
| Thrombocytosis > 450,000/ mm3 | 2/24 (8) | 5/56 (9) | 1.0 |
| Thrombocytopenia < 100,000/ mm3 | 3/24 (13) | 11/56 (20) | 0.54 |
| Inflammatory markers | |||
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 30.4 (0.2-272.8) | 6.4 (0.29-407) | 0.08 |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 465.9 (±184.2) | 304.6 (±170.1) | 0.01 |
| D-dimer, ng/mL | 1,908 (232-95,040) | 1,957 (0-44,251) | 0.02 |
| D-dimer > 1000 ng/mL | 14/21 (67) | 17/45 (38) | 0.04 |
| Ferritin, ng/mL | 447 (25-35,976) | 148 (0-8,000) | 0.18 |
| Ferritin > 391 ng/mL | 11/19 (58) | 10/30 (33) | 0.14 |
| Other exams | |||
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 312 (159-4,476) | 295 (0-2,078) | 0.57 |
| Serum albumin, g/dL | 3.5 (±0.8) | 3.7 (±0.7) | 0.30 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | 30 (13-2,002) | 31 (10-374) | 0.78 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 20 (6-560) | 24 (5-495) | 0.87 |
| Gamma-glutamyl transferase, U/L | 41 (6-1,496) | 35 (11-251) | 0.76 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L | 146 (87-1,559) | 144 (69-545) | 0.33 |
| Blood urea, mg/dL | 23 (8-118) | 22 (8-186) | 0.83 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 3.3 (±10.3) | 0.8 (±1.5) | 0.25 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 163 (51-750) | 132 (77-308) | 0.94 |
| CK, U/L | 86 (13-443) | 72 (14-2,291) | 0.62 |
| CK-MB, ng/ml | 1.6 (0.3-15.7) | 1.8 (0.3-28.9) | 0.54 |
| Troponin T, ng/mL | 0.016 (0.003-1.05) | 0.009 (0.002-0.08) | 0.11 |
| Prothrombin time, sec | 14 (11-100) | 13 (11-34) | 0.16 |
| INR | 1.1 (1-7.0) | 1 (1-3) | 0.27 |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time, sec | 34 (12-51) | 34 (22-53) | 0.86 |
| Hematuria > 5 erythrocytes/ml | 3/14 (21) | 4/27 (15) | 0.67 |
| Proteinuria > 0.5 g/day | 1/11 (9) | 2/23 (9) | 1.0 |
| Pyuria > 5 leucocytes/field | 1/14 (7) | 2/27 (7) | 1.0 |
| Chest X-ray abnormalities | 11/17 (64.7) | 20/42 (47.6) | 0.26 |
| Pulmonary CT abnormalities | 10/11 (90.9) | 9/16 (56.2) | 0.09 |
| Cardiac abnormalities confirmed by echocardiogram | |||
| 2/16 (13) | 1/25 (4) | 0.55 | |
| Pericarditis or myocarditis | 11/16 (69) | 5/26 (19) | 0.003 |
Results are presented in n (%), median (minimum-maximum values), mean (± standard deviation), CK creatine phosphokinase, INR - international normalized ratio, CT- computer tomography.