Table 1.

Descriptive statistics for the main variables. Variables of daycare, home care, and working hours take the difference from the value of the same month the previous year. Descriptive statistics for female and male working hours are calculated with 147 observations because data for May in Niigata is missing.

		Variable	Mean	S.D.
Analysis 1,2	y	#Users of daycare	−31.70	210.71
(Municipality)		#Users of home care	−1.31	44.72
	w	#COVID-19 Positives	1.65	14.08
Observations		#Regions	1451
		#Months	4
		#Regions x #Month	5804
Analysis 3,4	y	Female working hours	−5.10	4.61
(Prefecture)		Male working hours	−4.94	5.59
	w	#Positives per 10,000 population	0.22	0.40
	r	#Users of daycare	−1539.50	4007.94
Observations		#Regions	37
		#Months	4
		#Regions x #Month	148
Monthly means			Feb	Mar	Apr	May
		#COVID-19 Positives	0.08	0.85	4.79	0.86
		#Users of daycare	24.36	−13.91	−50.86	−86.40
		#Users of home care	4.49	2.24	−2.67	−9.30
		Female working hours	−1.93	−2.29	−5.73	−10.58
		Male working hours	−1.91	−1.32	−4.70	−12.01